foreign
[Music]
convinces this last group of people that
this might not be the best decision for
ethereum and that it's actually not that
hard to take cards into your own matter
and to actually start doing it yourself
so yeah let's go for it
um
this is what vitalik published not that
long ago and this is the road map of
ethereum and solo stakers are people
that are not professional stickers
they're not professional validators
they're people that have their own jobs
there are people that might or might not
have children they might have hobbies
they might have other things to do than
just keeping up with this
so how the heck are they supposed to
keep up with all of this and that's the
purpose of this talk we're gonna try to
lay down in the next 25 minutes
um the next things that are going to be
huge and that are going to impact us all
as solo stickers and that we need to
take into account
um and how to react with it so first of
all
um let's to try to convince these people
that are still sticking with Kraken
um okay so it is vital that there are
more solo stickers the reason of this
talk is because we need to convince you
that you can stake and that is actually
worth it it is valuable it is vital for
ethereum and it's actually an
existential threat to ethereum if we
don't have enough solo stickers
so we all have seen this
um we'll have seen how a very few
entities control a huge majority of the
uh of the validators
um who he remembers the steam Fiasco
the blockchain steam Fiasco right so
actually having centralized validators
or centralized centralized um with it
actually can can do things like we're
just in Steam Fiasco was just in sunbot
steamit which was a company that was
behind the blockchain Steam and there
were some people that were that did not
agree with him so he basically went to
poloniex and a few other exchanges and
said like hey Greg hey guys take this
couple Millie and we're gonna vote for
an invalid State transaction when the
accounts of these opponents of mine are
going to be emptied from one block to
another imagine your ethereum accounts
emptied like this invalid State
transaction this is what happens when we
got
centralized validators so yes it is
dangerous okay but not only this there's
even a more Insidious thing that's
happening in ethereum right now
right now we have compliant block
production through things like Mev boost
we have a 32 percent of the blocks being
produced in ethereum right now
at 32 percent of blocks produced that
are ofac compliant that means that if
you have ever used tornado cash
there's a 32 percent of the blocks where
your transactions are not going in
did you know that did you know that
you're being censored in 32 of the
blocks
this is huge and this is Mev boost and
if we go into the Meb boost produce
blocks this is 87 are come from relayers
that have said that they are going to
comply with ofac this is why it's so
important right
Okay so
brief uh brief introduction to dab node
dabnode we're here to make it easy we're
here to make it easier for people to run
nodes we provide a UI you don't you need
to be technical there's auto updates so
you don't need to like do the testing we
test for you and then we push the
updates and it will be updated this
saves about 72 hours of devops for the
of those work per year only on gas and
prison for example
um then there's like all sorts of nice
beautiful things like a web 3 standard
that holds the keys for you etc etc and
there's a huge community of thousands of
validators
um that are doing exactly the exact same
thing as you and where you can just lay
it rely on them ask for support Etc this
is one of the things that we have done
um this is what you need this is what
you see this is the UI that you will use
in order to set up a validator you need
to choose your execution client choose
your consensus client put the keys into
the remote signer or use optionally Meb
boost
okay enough
the thing that the solo Staker needs to
know is that you are the key for the
future of ethereum
right mov
ing uh okay so Mev MV stands for maximal
extractable value and the first thing
that we need to know here is that the
value is extracted from who from the
user and people say like oh Mev um but
they're doing nice things they do
Arbitrage between dexes so we can like
if I have a token my price will be the
same everywhere yeah that's a good thing
right but how about everything else
you've got price execution in every
trade that you do in a decks you got gas
Wars and network congestion whenever
there's like a juicy Mev opportunity you
get the potential and the threat of
chain reorgs if there's something really
juicy and the conditions are right and
the validators are incentivized to
attack themselves so if I come after uh
the a block where there's a really juicy
Mev opportunity I mean send device to
screw up the guy that comes before me so
I can keep the Mev opportunity right
okay so yes uh how to map all of these
related to me beef so mainly for me and
for most of us maybe it's not a feature
it's a bug
it has a lot of implications on the
ethereum design because of that because
it's something that is leading in a in
the wrong direction
so mainly PBS has formed to try to
mitigate this situation PBS proposal
block separation and we are going to
talk about that later on
uh so that is why the concept of the
community and the refer to try to
mitigate as much as we can they may be
and that is why we are starting to see
new uh proposals like single slot
finality uh single slot finality is a
proposal to be able to have finality in
just one uh Epoch and the idea is to to
remove these opportunities from from the
protocol itself but also the single
secretary leader election that is
related to the validator anonymity is
something that is also resetting right
now and we are talking later on so
mainly we are seeing how the Syrian
Foundation is trying to find uh ways to
mitigate this situation at a protocol
level but there are something that we
cannot mitigate so far we have seen that
is really really hard to find a solution
to Meb so that is why the PBS or maybe
smoothing is a way to make this uh more
fair and try to mitigate the situations
right so what do you need to know
for Emily
so so yeah so I mean maybe is a
centralizing force it's a centralizing
force
um because I mean researchers will not
give you as a solo Staker a juicy 10
million Mev opportunity because you as a
solo sticker that has only 42
000 uh 32 each in this uh in your
validator you would be you would be
happy to take this 10 million shut down
your validator and go live in the
Bahamas for the rest of your life so it
is a trustful system and as a solo
sticker you cannot access Mev
opportunities if you don't use Mev boost
right now
in the future PBS provides the same
separation of powers and allows for
easier Builder decentralization and
removes the need to trust the the
builder of the block but right now Mev
is a huge centralizing Force
um that uh but yeah that's that
basically
um uh makes that us as solo stickers
will only have
um two sources of revenue which are
block production so block reward and
transaction fees and the big companies
the big trusted companies that can sign
agreements would have those two plus MAV
opportunities so Mev boost is for now as
solo stickers the only solution that we
have to access this
um this Revenue yeah and mainly the
feeling that we are having with semi B
is that we are putting the incentivation
in the ground place we are intimidating
people to extract this value from users
so that is why we should try to find a
way to remove these from the protocol
okay DVT
DVT is the next Hot Topic and it's
distributed validators so right now
there's uh there's this equality of uh
one validator key one validator client
which basically means that whoever runs
the machine whoever runs the validator
client also has access to that key and
can do all sorts of bad things to this
it can it can slash you it can Ransom
you it can just exit you it can just
shut the validator down so you get
inactivity leak and DVT comes in
so the the DVD comes in
um so you can split the validator key in
different key shares and distribute it
over many validator clients this allows
for high availability but because
imagine these validator shares as a sort
of like a multi-sig so if three of these
Shares are online out of four so if one
of them are offline we can still
continue validating it also allows for
different trust assumptions because you
can distribute these shares so nobody
with with one of these shares you can't
do or you can't slash people you can't
uh exit you can't do all of this stuff
so actually we do not require so much we
can afford to give these keys to other
people and not require so much
collateral right now rocket pool still
requires a somebody to put 16 e huge
amount of collateral because that's what
they can get from That's how much damage
they can do so um with DVT we get a
different trust assumption and uh the
potential for lower collateral
requirements
moreover
um those who run already run nodes and
already have a validator setup they can
monetize through DVT Technologies on top
of their validator sets so it's a way to
bump up your
um your your rewards for having a
validator
okay so exactly that's that's exactly
what you need to know about DVT you'll
be able to monetize your machine by
leveraging other protocols on top of it
these Protocols are like SSV Network or
opal or Diva and that people will be
able to participate in validation even
with less than 32e because you can do a
setup and then you can participate in
this which is great for accessibility
because we're making part of the
benefits of running infrastructure to
people that do not that are not rich
people do not have 32 each so it's great
for accessibility
all right withdrawals yep
with roles with roles that's what all
we're waiting for right like we've got
this 32 withdrawals are going to be a
new system level operation which will
have no gas cost and it will they will
not even go to the evm they will
increase the uh the balance of the
withdrawal address automatically
um it'll be a limited block per block
just like right now um joining as a
validator is also limited block of work
there's a limited amount of uh of people
that can join the validator set the same
thing will happen with withdrawals and
what we need to know is that we will be
able to
get our money if we want to now there's
something more interesting to think
about here which is
what will happen when people are able to
take this
will
um staking pools be uh will people take
out of sticking pools and start solo
staking that's what we're hoping or will
the opposite happen
so what's going to make it easier to
convince people to take out of staking
pools and centralized exchanges and
um and start running
instead of writing it themselves yeah
all right so yeah now it's time to talk
about product line charting and the
future of overthem so mainly uh the the
roadmap Institute changed uh completely
at the moment that vitalik make these uh
credit post so mainly we realized that
if we facility they have better
scalability and potential that the
previous execution shouts so mainly
everything changed at that moment we
forget about having execution on the
charts and we move to a way to provide
data availability for other layer 2
applications that are going to happen
during these years
um so mainly mainly the thing that
happened with the product and starting
is that uh instead of providing more
space for transactions we are we are
going to provide more space for data
that the layer 2 Solutions can use it in
the future
so the idea is mainly that the execution
is going to happen on these uh SQL VMS
and prolapse uh keeping the execution
part of ethereum as it is
um mainly from the point of view
validator
um is just a way to validate the data
that is available so it's not going to
the include the need of
um validate this this data as in the
state of ethereum
um so yeah what do you what do you need
to know about this
um chain is going to store these new
blocks and um the data is going to be
stored it's going to be used by the roll
apps so mainly the idea is that um you
get a vertical tree approved of this
data and you can use a break compiler
smart contract in ethereum that
validates this data allowing them to
verify verify the state of these Layer
Two Solutions
um
yeah mainly mainly the idea behind this
is like a solution like the Chicago VM
uh like a polygons yesterday that uh are
going to be able to have a proof of the
state and take the security of the
Syrian inside this layer two solutions
so mainly its region is trying to
provide these new tools for this kind of
solutions making the scalability going
in that direction
so what do we need to know we need to
know that those blobs those new Blobs of
data will be stored in the beacon chain
which will mean that our Beacon chains
as validator service takers will grow
will bloat but hey it will not grow
indefinitely because this data will only
be stored for about a month so that's
great so we'll have the hour Beacon
change will not just continuously grow
and grow and grow at least the part of
the blobs but every month
um we will will be deleting this data so
it will grow but it will now grow
indefinitely
all right yeah next big topic anonymity
yeah that's also a critical point of the
network so yeah the thing is since we
are using random in the we can change to
select the validator proposals it's
possible to know beforehan who is going
to be the next one and since we are
using lip to be Network to communicate
with this node it's also possible to get
the IP of the nodes so mainly the thing
is that uh since we have also myth in
this situation
um people want or could try to attack
this node because they can get the minor
attraction value the maximum extraction
value from the block
so at the end is the the same problem
that before we are putting the
integration to attack the network so we
are making
um yeah right Integrations for for the
The Source takers
um but this is not just that the thing
is
um the secretary single sector leader
election is a protocol that is going to
allow to hide who is going to be the
next proposal uh and with that you can
protect this kind of attacks and this is
something that is already in development
in the protocol and it's probably very
important to protect the privacy of the
validators
so what you what do you need to know
about this
um yeah because the list of proposal of
the new ebook are now it's possible to
be uh targeted by these attackers uh
Disney protocol protects the privacy of
the evaluators at the moment uh to
proposal the block but we need also new
ways to hide the communication between
nodes because that is still spouses so
that is why private Solutions like
Hopper or other can provide this kind of
uh privacy protection at IP level
right next Hot Topic statelessness and
PBS
yeah a good one so yeah this is how this
has been a Hot Topic uh in the research
part of the protocol from uh several
years ago so mainly the thing that uh we
have now right now is that we need to
have all the state of execution client
to be able to be to be able to verify
the next block so this is a problem
because we are taking all the complexity
all the historical data uh from the
ethereum and we are need to store this
in in our devices to be a solo stickers
so mainly the The Proposal is to try to
remove this complexity uh with the idea
to be able to verify a block without the
need of having all the state so the big
idea is just to have a goodness of the
state at that moment uh and if you have
this proof and it's written it you can
validate that the transaction from one
state to another one is is correct so
mainly the good part of this is that we
can remove all the state of ethereum and
just to have a a very small proof of the
current state and be able to verify a
block so either you're telling me that
we if we create a block through this
um through this witness and through this
proof we can prove the only the parts of
the state that we need to prove that
this block is valid and included in the
block itself so a validator of the block
will be able to look at the Block in
itself and be able and it'll include
this person you'll be able to tell if
it's valid or not yeah exactly which
means which means that we need to link
this with okay so we're we're starting
to separate who thus all of these proof
production and who does the validator
work so
yeah PBS PBS is going to be also a very
important part of the protocol uh
because they think that Paul just
mentioned so mainly the idea is that we
are going to split the roles on the
network we are going to have proposal
and uh and blood producers
so my lead idea is that the block
producer is the one that is going to
create all of these to generate the
equitness and and is the one that is
going to take this uh High computation
um we don't have too much time right
okay
um so yeah the idea is just to put all
this computation in the block producers
and the validators are going to be more
or less the same so they only need to
validate this proof in a short way
so what do we need to know yeah mainly
mainly that the hardware government for
holding the state disappears and that is
really really good and also if we link
with the blocked things it's like oh
okay we are getting more space here and
we are putting block there so more or
less we are going to be the same uh he's
going to increase the bandwidth uh but
not too much because we are going to
move for from producer medical trees to
Vertical trees that are more efficient
ways to prove the state uh so mainly as
a validator I think the result is going
to be more or less same uh it has been
always a a need that evaluators needs to
be running Uh custom Hardware so we keep
on that level
okay I'm gonna take the Dan shot the
Dank sharding and data availability
sampling
um okay so this is going to be the last
thing and the key part to that solo
stickers need to know right now about
this is that we do not know which are
the consequences that it will have so
we cannot possibly know right now
because there's not a specific
implementation of the data availability
sampling so database example what it
will allow us is to remember those Blobs
of data that we have mentioned before so
these Blobs of data will not necessarily
be uh fully downloaded we will be able
to just prove a sample of this to take a
sample of this data and prove somehow
that
um that this exists and this is valid
and available for download but we do not
know yet what's going to be for solo
stickers because there's too many
there's too many moving pieces and this
is way too far away so for the moment
for Solace takers what it matters is the
Proto dank sharding the existence of
this data blobs Etc so to summarize very
very quickly on the topics that we have
spoken Mev it's a bug not a feature it's
a centralizing force and it screws up
our Center our censorship resistance for
DBT we will be able to leverage our
setups to earn extra rewards for the
withdrawals pretty self-explanatory
we'll be able to take our deposits Out
product sharding our consensus layer
will grow with these Blobs of data
validator anonymity a single secret
leader election will save us from the
Mev extractors that come behind us and
they wanna get us offline to get the Mev
opportunities statelessness is that we
will have less less Drive requirements
but we will have more bandwidth and dunk
sharding that we don't really know so in
25 minutes this is everything you needed
to know about the next phase of ethereum
thank you very much
[Applause]