foreign
[Music]
and thank you for coming to this talk
I'm Chang Fong I'm talking labs and I'm
talking it's a non-castew valley based
in Singapore and today I'm gonna talk
about the topic which is called
postmoduality so before the talk I would
like to ask you guys a question what is
your ideal wallet I think many of you
may like use metal mask maybe I'm
talking or other audits so what is your
idea what it looks like
you don't need to have a answer a
question now but it's a worthy um to
think about it
so let's take some time to look at uh
where we are now and look back at the
past the past I would like to go through
some number and some observation uh from
what we have right now
so here is the adoption map of eastern
uh of the ethereum users so we can see
uh many users are distributed in North
America Europe Asia and everywhere but
and this user already are crypto users
so how do I Define crypto users next is
because
not everyone use Liquid toward it but I
think uh most of the people right now
they just use the decentralized exchange
like Finance like FTS exchange so how do
we I mean turn this kind of situation
so make more people to get into the
crypto Valley that is the the core idea
of this topic so for now there are over
221 million people uh have quick
cryptocurrency right now uh this number
might not be accurate just for reference
if we assume the number is correct then
97 of people don't know crypto or don't
have any kind of crypto assets so one
day if you want to introduce the crypto
wallet to your parents your friend or
even your teacher how do you do that can
you help them to set up a crypto
Wireless in two minutes five minutes or
even in 10 minutes I think the answer
for now probably is no it's really hard
for them to know what is crypto because
the learning curve is pretty high so
here are the challenges
um we are facing every day if you are
working as the what is company then you
you will receive the feedback like this
every day so people don't know what is
the crypto what is the C phrase and also
they don't know how to speed up the
transition when the transaction is get
stuck for those questions so we need to
come up with some solution for the
future one is how do we fix it so if we
want to make the message adoption to
happen crypto wallet is a important
entry point for Android website users
yeah so we need to fix it so how to fix
it
so let's recap it again so if you want
to rebuild a wallet then when you when
we need to know what the uh future what
it looks like so uh this is a very I
mean very quick question because if you
think about a smart contract developer
in 2018 or 2019 at that moment because
they didn't sense or they didn't know
there is a kind of attack called ndv
attack so when you uh when you design a
smart contract at late time eventually
you will
you're really hard to defense uh MVD
anyv attack so that's why we need to
know what is the future and we need to
know how to design the wallet and so
this is a reason this topic called
possible are merge wallet so let's look
at the future the concept of the endgame
is proposed by vitalica in 2021 actually
it's uh the goal is to scaling the
ethereum for many users so we can come
uh we can onboard more users to the
Syrian ecosystem for the in-game uh
is uh in in the article that vitalika
mentioned it is private into a lower
solution uh uh Centric low map what does
this mean it means we can we uh today we
have already seen lots of layer 2
Solutions coming up just like star net
uh Edge Tech uptrunk or optimism since
uh if the layer 2 is the future that
means we need to have more data space
for the load up so how do we have more
data on the raw up so here are two ways
we can do that so first we need to have
more large get more larger block
and the block need to be verified very
easily for the line client if we can do
so then we can have a large block and
that is what then charting uh doing
and another approach to to do this is
how do we make the data smaller if we
can make each load of transactions
smaller then it could fit into the
bigger block then that means we can get
a lot of I mean transaction get into the
block
so in the future ideally we think that
there might be a high TPS with a low fee
transaction fee into the bar trans
system
this is important because if we look
back at the history of the internet
then we will find this is a kind of
similar
so when the internet was formed the
bandwidth is a synchronized resource and
it is very expensive not and everyone
can afford to the internet
with the cost decreasing then we can see
many of many applications start to going
on the internet
so if you if it was in 1998 you probably
don't think about what is YouTube what
is Netflix but if you are in uh 2020 or
into
2000 2022 then
you uh you might think Netflix it makes
sense we can have more uh uh online
video with cheaper transaction fee we
can do Morphine not just Define not just
nft we can do lots of
potential application in the market so
yeah let's let's think about how do we
make the world better so we can have
more application uh on board into the
Ethereal ecosystem
so yeah we need to have a wallet which
fits a lot layer 2 door mat and there is
user is friendly here I want to give you
a very brief short summary so first it's
really hard for the general users to
know what is crypto what's easier and
think about it if you want to teach your
parents to set up awarded the first
thing the first thing is they need to
write up the difference so what is
difference yeah it's difficult to
understand and then next they need to uh
if they want to send some token then
they need to have some easer so this is
another thing that uh
quite quite challenging for them because
what this cannot make a trans transfer
unless I got some easers the second
thing is the user experience is pretty
uh bad now
um
because
I think because the learning curve is is
pretty high so most of the users don't
know how to I mean run the awarded like
how do I interact with the device if
there is a new application how do I
access the application they need to
learn it from the video or some kind
or they really uh or it's really hard
for them to know how to do that and
third uh just like I mentioned uh for
now we have already have some users but
most of the users are not crypto user
they are just general users and because
of this challenge uh they are they are
just uh state with the centralized
exchange how do we I mean try to
try to get them into the ecosystem so we
need to have a layer 2 ready Wally which
is designed for the future I think this
is a very big thing because in Defcon we
see the merge is already finished so the
layer 2 is if layer 2 is the feature so
we need to start to thinking about what
is the future what it look like
Safari is a requirement we think
uh ideal what it should have it's open
for I mean if you are working again if
you are working as a water company this
is really overwhelming every day you
always uh receive a user's feedback
complaining uh their token was stolen or
they just make they just approved to
some fake contract so how do we avoid
that avoid it and even though they are
more uh important
important question is how do we make
sure the user's assets is safe and how
do we have learned to manage their key
so today I'm not go off this topic but I
will just focus on the key management
and the how do we make their account
could be recoverable here are two
solutions uh one one is MPC any other is
a a abstract account I think the
abstract account is a very popular topic
during the the account talk every day so
you might probably might heard about it
but for NPC who is NPC MPC actually is a
multi-party computation so think about
this example if you want to generate a
random number you can ask
um if you want to Generate random some
versus three people you can ask each one
to to uh for a lumber and then we can
sum it up to get the results so actually
the MPC is a way for jointing Computing
a function over the input
let's take another example uh if we can
take the signature as a result
we can ask each party to contribute part
of its secret numbers
of the input and then we can get the
signature so this is kind of some
movements or match Magic uh we do we do
not need to have a private key but we
can generate the validate signature so
the input is not related to the private
key so you don't need to worry about
once your device got lost because there
is no privacy store in the device
but but eventually the signature will be
generated the way it operates is pretty
similar to multi-seek uh think about
that if a user needs to uh request a
transaction you need to have another
party to come to co-work to generate the
signature so this is uh really like the
artistic Majestic Way to uh to send a
transaction so this is a very uh
important feature for the NPC wallet and
the mpc1 looks like an eoa with an
invisible private key
besides it could be designed with the
threshold settings for example like two
of three
so for example if we uh if this is a
threshold signature then we can uh if we
want to send a transaction then the
device need to
co-work with another device which is
online together to generate the
signature
but also this is the uh the uh
the weakness of the MPC it needs it
needs the help of another online devices
to working together if you think about
that
um
for this secret which uh distribute to
different devices it could be stored in
some it could
dedicate to some decentralized
centralized service so for example if we
uh if the if the service help to store
this sequence then the service could
help the user to identify the the
transaction it's valid or not because
one day if the the user wants to
interact with the app or some device
application once this party finds the
device is fake or it's a scam then it
can it can stop to help to generate the
signature so it's it's more like this is
a kind of like a risk Control Function
and another part for the NPC is
it could support multi-chan because as I
mentioned the MPC only looks like an eoa
with a invisible foreign key so all of
the if this this is a wallet and they
are all go with this invisible private
key for so for mpc1 it could support BTC
Bitcoin it also can support the easier
and all of the uh public chain is uh
layer if their signature is NPC friendly
so this is a sounds perfect but for the
mpcc solution just uh just like what I
mentioned it requires having an online
Computing unit to code work with uh
these are accounts in Instagram we have
these two two types of account one is
eoa and the other is a small country
account so I just talked about the eoa
over the NPC solution so how about we
talk about the control account so this
is a
so it's a kind of a small country
warning
so the nice thing lets the smart
contract is it is flexible you can call
anything into a smart contract so you
can have a customized lure so you can
Define your rule into this smart
contract with the AAA wallet there is a
entry entry point with two faces
verification and execution because in
current ECU and transactions are
verified by ecta signature
which parents and the nuns check and
then
SQ the transfer of all the core function
so we need to have we need to divide
this verification and the execution so
this is a pretty easy for the wallet so
what does is important if we can
customize uh each kind of verification
dual so let's mean we can Define any
kind of signature that
in the smart contract like POS like as
you know or like eddsa
so we can have all kinds of signal
signature verification rule are building
into a smart contract and also if we
think this is not safe we can make it uh
as a multi-signature wallet so that
means you can control uh
the Water could be controlled by five
people but only three people uh approved
then the transaction can be execute
and then the other uh
Advantage is it could be designed to
verify of trend signing messages so this
is pretty important because if you think
about the Meta Meta transaction
um or
yeah if you think about a meta
transaction or some gaming app because
the users don't know how to get the
easers so if you can have some relay to
help them to relate to relate a
transaction that would be useful because
they don't need to buy the user when
they want to send a transaction
and the last is I think that is more
important is we can change the signer
okay to me the most important and
interesting thing uh for abstract
account is we can abstract account from
the signer a Founder eoa so that means
we can have a signer
and we can have a account uh but the
account doesn't equal to final so this
is a very important feature because one
day if we want to design a kind of
application like did or so Bank token
the account could be fixed and it could
we can have the same address but we can
have a different signer to control this
account uh here is a summarize
of the
some part of features of the NPC world
and the
abstract or a wallet so for MPC uh it's
developing in 2018 and then for now
there are many Protocols are used uh so
you can use any kind of this uh to
design your NPC body for AAA recently
there are some EIP like
2938 and the 23 30 statement yeah so if
you if you are interested in then you
can uh try to read it and the address
Alice is actually is a hierarchical
threshold signatures uh protocol which
is designed by me and my colleague uh
this is a different social signature
because we can have a different asset
structure trying to make lecture with a
hierarchical level compare some of the
important feature with the NPC and the a
wallet so for MPC and and a both of them
are good around in multi-stick way so
that means we can have automatic
multi-signature uh operation to
but for AAA because the account and the
sign up could be different so that means
the account could be changed in the
future so this is pre uh uh not account
the sign up could be changed or this
this is a typo okay but for MPC because
the private key is equal to account and
the signer so yeah this is not possible
but for MPC and the AA Wireless because
they they all could be designed uh with
a social recovery so that both of them
work with that
and for NPC and the air Wireless all of
them can support risk control just like
what I mentioned NPC one is you can if
you dedicate your sequencia to another
centralized service then this
centralized service could help you to uh
filter those malicious operations from
your users but for AA because this is a
smart control wireless so you can Define
any kind of lure into the smart contract
like you can set the daily withdrawal
limit or you can
have some Wireless edges but for NPC
because this is a it's more like a
private key solution so it could support
multi-chain but for the A1 it's because
it runs on the smart contract so that
means if the public chain does not have
a smart contract or things or or it's
not even comfortable then it cannot be
support multi-chan and for MPC uh
because this is not the smart contract
so it could not doing some meta
transaction uh so yeah for AAA it can
take advantage of the meta transaction
but for D5 friendly I think this is a
very very important Point here so a
sounds like a pretty cool thing but uh
if you try to look at all of the smart
contract uh development right now not
every smart contract supports Smart
Control body
so that's mean only the eoa can control
or can interact with the smart contract
and also another thing is uh most people
do not support EIP 2071 it's an
interface for the Smart Control Wally
yeah so this is uh
um I think this is the advantage of MPC
Wally strongly stable we can see the
post and the cons of this kind of these
two uh Solutions I just follow the mean
from the
is too much yeah Hey where's the shower
I just should so shallow is here
okay so yeah we can combine NPC and the
air while so we can design a future
wallet you can have a worry like that
if you consider this is the future one
then have a sign here and we can have an
account into the Smart Control wallet
and also uh because of the feature of
the MPC and the AAA for MPC it could be
long in of chain but for AAA it could be
it because of the operations are on a
smart contract so it should be Unchained
so there are two different features but
I think you can take a bit advantage of
this kind of two solutions
and third because uh just like I
mentioned NPC needs another party to be
online to help to co-work to generate a
signature so it should be synchronized
but for it but for AAA it could be a
synchronized but this is not really
friendly for multi-6 what is signature
Wally because for money signology when
you send a request you need to have
another party to sign a transaction so
there is a lot of delay
so at the last I think uh if we can
combine these two kind of solution this
is a benefit we can design a future
world for this kind of application like
for payment because for payment you need
to have a very user-friendly value so
and for did you need to have a account
uh have a address which is a sent as an
account yeah so we can do a lot of
things if we can combine these two kinds
of solution so thank you this is my talk