[Music]
um so my talk here following up on that
panel an amazing panel and let's give a
thank you to uh to vitalic to yeah I
think vitalic but also Ben Jesse step um
it was an awesome talk so uh we're going
to talk continue the conversation about
how we unify ethereum uh with intent an
ERC
7683 um and so I'm Hart I am the uh
co-founder of a cross protocol uh we are
an intent based interoperability and
bridging protocol um but we're going to
talk about the standard and how we
developed it and how we built support
for it um which we talked about on that
panel
too okay so I stole some of the slides
from my intro to the panel uh because
they were so good I I needed to use them
but uh I'm going to replay quickly some
of the slides just to set the framework
for for what we're talking about here so
four years ago ethereum had the scaling
problem uh we had 15 transaction per
second at Peak demand ethereum was so
expensive was basically unusable and
vitalic helped us align the ethereum
community around this Ro of centric road
map and this worked um I walk through
these slides uh on the panel we were
just on but like look at what we did
here right in October 2020 we aligned on
the RO of centric road
map uh optimism shipped a couple months
later arbitrum shipped a couple months
after that
ZK sync shipped a year after that with
ZK rollups uh we had this like massive
innovation in this rollup Centric
architecture and then of course blobs
came around just this year so March of
this year and I don't know if you guys
just saw the charts or I I I honestly
should have included another chart in
here uh the cost of transactions on
ethereum just plummeted um and now on an
L2 you can do a transaction for pennies
um we actually saw this in across's data
the median transaction size dropped from
about 500 bucks going L2 to L2 when
you're bridging it's now 50 bucks and we
have real consumer use cases because
these these uh l2s are now uh so cheap
and usable normal people not just whales
can use them and so this is a beautiful
chart like we really did scale ethereum
thanks to the rollup Centric road map
and some of the people that are just on
stage with me there we go scaled
ethereum and this is something that I
don't think we celebrate enough uh we
solve the big hairy problem and uh we
should be proud of
that new problem ethereum is
fragmented it was so simple back in the
day when we had one chain it was like
such a beautiful thing I had metamask I
had one chain I hit one button it did
the thing on ethereum and it it worked
great um but uh it got more complicated
so our rollup Centric road map now means
we have lots and lots of chains um and
we got to like do this network switching
thing and sure some wallets are
beginning to hide this for us but man
like switch between all these chains add
a new network to metam mask
mess we got so many versions of
ethereum there's just so many different
ones uh it's it's a total mess and I I
think it's just worth us um admitting
that we have a major ux problem here
this is this is not something that the
next billion people are going to be able
to use even though it's fast and cheap
on any individual roll up this is this
is a mess for the the the
users what we got to do we got to unify
ethereum this is this should be the
rallying cry for 2025 this is what I
want uh ethereum to be focused on for
the next year I hope it doesn't take us
four years to unify ethereum I want it
to take one um vitalic seems optimistic
uh I hope I hope we're we're all
optimistic here and we want ethereum to
feel like one chain again um we want it
to be like hey I click one button in one
wallet and it does what I want to do on
whatever chain I'm on um and Jesse was
speaking about this on the panel we just
had um so pretty bullish that there's
like people running big wallets like
coinbase wallet that are aligned and
thinking this way
too and so there are a few components I
think of how we actually make ethereum
feel unified it's the better wallet and
app ux uh I think there's a necessary
component around account abstraction
specifically EIP 7702 which I'm going to
talk a bit about later on and then
there's
speed um to to make ethereum feel
unified I think inter op needs to be
fast like really fast and for me fast
means um two seconds fast and it kind of
seems like I'm making up this two second
number like where is this coming from it
isn't totally made up um there's lots
and lots of web 2ux research that says
if you wait for more than two seconds
for a website to load users Just Bounce
like they just don't want to use the
thing and I don't know if you guys have
like used airplane Wi-Fi when websites
load forever it just makes you not want
to surf the Internet it makes you not
want to use the thing and there seems to
be this psychological barrier that I can
I can afford to wait two seconds but any
longer than that I want to go do
something else so if we want the
experience for the next billion users if
we want to compete with web 2 I really
truly believe we have to hit this two
second interoperability
time and in tents what what we do with a
cross it has a different tent icon
that's kind of cool um intense what we
do with a cross uh are the only viable
mechanism to deliver this two-c
experience um and we do this I'll go
into how we structure this but like
right now today in the across protocol
the median fill time between chains is
about 3 seconds we'll go into some data
on this but it's fast um and and why is
that so it's worth walking through what
the traditional bridging flow is when
we're connecting blockchains and why
this intent architecture is different
and faster
okay so traditional Bridge uh I got two
chains A and B I got arbitrum and I got
Bas um step one I want to deposit my
assets on chain a and then I wait I wait
for finality I can't the protocol can't
do anything in the traditional
architecture until it knows that those
funds are actually on chain a and this
waiting is a a problem um once I'm done
waiting for finality or for a sense of
finality then I can go and send my
message to chain B and then I can
release my funds back to the user and so
this flow is all fine and good um maybe
I have some security assumptions around
how I'm sending this message maybe I
don't love those but generally speaking
like this architecture is like
conceptually simple the problem is it's
just slow um I have to wait for finality
or at least a sense of it I can't get
the two second experience with this
traditional Bridge
architecture so how do intents work how
are they different
intense I still have users deposit
assets On the Origin chain I need that
but when they're depositing assets they
go they get escrowed into a special
account that broadcasts the intent to a
network of
solvers and this network of solvers are
going to then compete to fill the user
on the destination chain um importantly
they're filling the user with their own
funds so what these guys are doing is
there actually a Marketplace that's
taking on the finality risk of the
origin chain and they're competing to
see who's going to be the first one to
fill the user um in exchange for the the
transaction fee or the fee charged here
and this architecture if you notice
there's no message that gets sent
between chains um and the finality risk
is then being taken on by the solver
Network so this is fast we can fill the
users in in two seconds um and the user
can move on with their day and we
achieve this fast interrupt that can
help us unify
ethereum of course there's still one
step after this after the user gets
filled we still need to verify uh that
the fill happened and release funds back
to the solver um but we have time to do
that because the user got their fast
fill so across um you know I'm slightly
biased but I do think across is the
leading intent-based interop protocol um
today in production uh how many people
in the audience have used AC cross I'm
actually kind of curious all that makes
me feel good okay um so across uh we
were bridging protocol um if you go and
those that haven't if you go to across.
two and bridge between arbitrum and base
your fill time will be less than three
seconds our median fill time is 3
seconds and we're keep lowering that as
block CH block times on l2s get faster
it's going to get cheaper and cheaper
for transactions less than $10,000 our
average cost is less than 4 cents um
it's extremely cheap and there's room
for this to get cheaper too and we've
done billions billions of dollars in
volume you know today I think we did 50
million in volume with 50,000
transactions and it's growing so this
works in production this isn't a
theoretical architecture this is
working but you know we we're looking at
AC cross and I don't believe that
interoperability is going to be solved
by one protocol like sure I might like
that but I don't think that's the path
and go back and think about the rollup
Centric road map that vitalic set for
scaling ethereum it wasn't solved by one
team it wasn't solved by optimism it
wasn't solved by arbitrum it wasn't
solved by ZK sync it was an
architectural decis ision that many
teams innovated on and I think the same
is true for interop um and so to make
this intent architecture uh really like
win we got to define a standard um and
so we worked together the cross team
worked with the Unis swap team to
develop your 7683 which is a standard
for cross chain intents um it's not
owned by across it's not owned by Unis
swap it is a true uh ERC uh that's a
public
good and it's worth going into like hey
what what does this thing do what is
this ERC um and my mental model the way
I I kind of think y all should think
about this is it's like an order ticket
um you can almost imagine this if we go
way back like 1980s Finance like w Wolf
of Wall Street stuff you like had a
paper order ticket that your broker
filled out with like I want to you know
sell Apple stock and buy Google stock
although Apple and Google didn't exist
back then but you get what I'm saying
and then they'd like send it to a floor
floor and some guy on the trading flow
would make like hand signals to go and
like execute the thing but they had a
format they had a standard for how they
express this trade ticket um and so you
can think about ERC 7683 is defining a
common format to express this user
intent this trade ticket and what you do
what a developer does is they go and
they fill in their trade ticket origin
chain origin amount destination chain
destination amount um and then we got a
couple other fields here that I want to
talk about but you fill this out and you
send it to the solver Network and it
just gets done it just
works so I got these two other fields in
here fill instructions and settlement
system um and this is a little bit
stylized the just how this works but
fill instructions you can think of as
like a memo field where I can include
extra information about what I want to
have happen in this intent um and
remember the solver is the one that's
moving the assets to the destination
chain and sending them to the user so
there's nothing that prevents that
solver from executing arbitrary code so
the fill instructions can be say hey
let's Bridge one eth and then swap it
for frog token once you get to the
destination chain totally possible
that's actually something you can do
with the cross
today and it could be Bridge 1 Ethan buy
an nft and it could be Bridge 1 Ethan
deposit in a or whatever your D5
protocol is and this can happen in one
click remember so in one click on my or
origin chain let's say it's arbitrum one
click on Origin chain on arbitrum I can
have this action happen inside two
seconds on my destination which I think
is pretty cool um and I think this look
really does lay the groundwork for how
we unify ethereum and make these chains
feel like one thing um but I mentioned
this earlier one of the things I get
super excited about is once we combine
this with uh ubiquitous account
abstraction um this would be an entire
other talk uh so I'll just keep it high
level um but EIP 7702 for those of you
that that aren't familiar with for
digigit EIP numbers uh it's actually a
EIP that vitalic wrote an improvement on
some other Technologies like 3705 I
believe um that will uh bring smart
account uh capabilities to everyone's
eoa and this is going to ship this is
scheduled to ship as part of the Petra
hard fork in the first quarter of next
year and so what this means now is that
anyone's account can you can send a
message and somebody else can execute
that message like it was being sent from
eoa um and what this means is that I can
now remote control any remote chain from
my home chain and how this would work is
I would sign an intent a 7702 message
for the action I want to have happen on
my remote chain and I would include it
as a payload in this fill instructions
field um in our 7683 standard and then I
would use the solver Network the intense
solver Network to basically bring the
gas money over to go and execute this
arbitrary
transaction um and again we'll be
talking more about this there's a
probably a whole other conversation or
talk to have but there's this very cool
way that we've got all the Lego blocks
and pieces when we add together
four-digit numbers like 772 and 7683 we
add them together and we're going to
have this like I really do think of it
as like a remote control where from my
home chain I can do an arbitrary action
on the destination
chain this standard also modularizes
it's a hard word to say it modularizes
the settlement system too um so what do
I mean by that if you guys go back on
the other slides where I was kind of
walking through the intent architecture
user funds get escrowed on the origin
chain and then they only get released to
the solver when we verify that fill
happened um I'm calling that the
settlement system the system that it
serves two purposes it it keeps user
funds safe where it doesn't release user
funds to a solver uh until the fill
happens and it also keeps solvers safe
where it doesn't let solvers get rugged
by
users so in this standard that
settlement system is is a module and you
can plug in what you want uh across has
a version of this that we've been
operating for two years that works
pretty well but it's by no means the end
state and what I think is super cool
about this and and Jesse on the panel
beforehand was was talking exactly about
this idea if I have two chains if my
origin chain and my destination chain
are both super chains I could use a
settlement system that uses uh optimism
uh super chain native interop um and
that could be faster to repay the solver
faster which would make the intent
cheaper so I have all the flexibility in
the world to choose to to to just
optimize uh my system based on the
origin and destination chains and this
works with um egay uh polygon can we can
use the polygon a layer system where if
I have my origin and destination chain
is both EG layer enabled chains I can
write a settlement system that uses EG
layer to to uh to speed up solver
repayment and Jesse talked about uh
coinbase's push coinbase uh Wilson kusk
and Jack Kuma from coinbase are doing
this really Innovative push for rip7 755
which is like a trust minimize nested
storage proof messaging idea we could
plug that in as a settlement system and
we're actually working with the base
team on a proof of concept to do just
this and so uh what I find super
powerful is that 7683 supports any settl
system uh super chain 7755 egay elastic
chain chain clusters succinct sp1 if I
want to write a settlement system that
uses ZK proof Pro to prove that an
intents were filled I can do that if you
want to use one of the other generalized
messaging passing Frameworks like ler
zero hyperlane Wormhole chain link ccip
completely compatible too um and so this
standard transparently upgrades with
whatever the latest and greatest interop
techniques are and uh Ben Jones was
talking about this being a mullet right
we put the standard in the front and I
got this party in the back with whatever
whatever uh infrastructure best serves
verifying that intent we can seamlessly
upgrade and utilize
that why is this standard helpful so
Developers for both the app and wallet
we now have a single common format to do
anything cross chain developers should
implement this standard just works um
and again it is going to be
transparently upgradeable as we get
better Technologies to verify the
settlement layer for solvers
solvers now um don't listen to like one
common format without needing custom
Integrations for each new protocol so
solvers just listen to the 7683 order
standard and any intent based protocol
that builds on top of it um uh is is
they're able to
serve okay so um across and Unis swap
work together to develop this initial
standard uh we got a lot of great
feedback um from many people in space uh
that feedback was actually merged in
about two weeks ago so anybody who's
read the standard go read it again it's
been updated uh and if you want to read
more ERC 7683 org has all the details um
but we've been trying to build support
for the standard and uh optimism um was
an early adopter uh they uh they
understood that even though they're
working on Super chain native interop
they don't just want interoperability
between the super chain they need
interoperability so like users on
arbitrum can come to the super chain and
what have you and they also understand
that the standard you know it can use
super chain native interop on the back
end to allow for faster intent
verification so they thought this was a
good idea and the polygon team thought
this was a good idea and I'm going to
read out some names for a second we got
Linea we got Alchemy we got blast got
conduit Manta grow the pie mantle mode
Tao suped World coin Cony stack uh
scroll nethermind I'm almost done don't
worry um alt
layer
aori fluent sub wallet open social zero
Dev Rin Stone we had a whole bunch of
teams come and announce support for the
standard which honestly guys like I
didn't really think this would happen
that well and it did it was pretty cool
um
oh I will tell you guys so we had this
hole here right so this is a hole here
as of like two days ago and it kind of
it made the the chart look more annoying
and this should also all be in a big
tent I want these guys all in a big tent
but it didn't fit on screen so um I'm
what's cool those you come to place like
Devcon and you you meet people and you
kind of get them over the line and
explain what you're working on and so
now we have both arbitrum with offchain
labs and ZK sync uh M lamb ZK sync also
supporting the standard which means we
have like complete coverage of the major
L2 ecosystems saying you know hey we
think this is a good idea just like
erc20 is defined a token standard we
think this is a pretty cool way to
define a standard for
intents um okay so I'm almost done so
what's next um we have broad support um
I've I've never tried to build support
for standard before working with Unis
swap it's been great but many people in
this ecoystem are just like hey yeah
there's good Social Capital to try to
unify ethereum and this is a lightweight
standard that lets us do this so we've
got broad support um from the L2
ecosystems we need to figure out better
dap and wallet ux patterns um that's
like the next step here and then we
really want to do this like full
integration with 7702 what I was talking
about before for this beautiful chain
abstraction where I I use a
7702 kind of user op payload to have uh
the ability to do a a remote control
where I can remotely execute any action
on a destination uh
chain um and so guys that's that's my
pitch for how we're going to unify
ethereum and how we're going to do it
quickly in 2025 it's not going to take
us four years we're going to use intense
and the 7683 standard to unify ethereum
um you can follow me on Twitter at h01
and thank you very
[Applause]
much you want want me to do
it yeah I think it's running out of the
battery maybe yes can you check it
thank you I'm personally excited about
what you're just sharing it's huge it's
huge all right let's talk about uh Q&A
uh will this new standard support
nft okay I gotta I gotta go deeper on
some of this will 7683 support 721 and
1155 guys I can't remember all the EIP
numbers I try really hard um I got to go
deeper on this so um we will get back to
you on Twitter with that and or I can
talk to you
um oh fungible nfts no we can't support
nfts I'm sorry um remember that the
intense architecture relies on the
solver filling the user on the
destination chain with their own funds
and nfts are nonf fungible so the intent
architecture relies on fungibility um
that's actually one of the core insights
that allowed us to be so fast so um nonf
fungible assets do require a different
thing and I think that's uh that's
important to to kind of understand all
right right thank you next one uh can
you compare and contrast maybe like a
general M chain intense that we existed
on the market with the
7683 um so
Suave I'm a huge fan of suave and what
the flash bot SC is working on um I look
at Suave as like computation for like a
te trusted Enclave to compute all sorts
of interesting and private things um
lost the screen but um they're not in
competition I actually think Suave is
something been looked at quite carefully
uh to build better auction mechanisms to
let us have like trustless auctions to
auction off intense so I think these
things are very complimentary uh where
you can uh use 7683 as a common order
standard for an intent and use something
like Suave to uh to achieve optimal
execution of that
intent okay all right uh next one uh can
we use this new standard for the ndei
protocol like enss social F what do you
think about it so I think this goes a
little bit back to like the nft question
yeah so um the intent architecture is
not for passing generalized messages
that's the backend part of this right
the intent architecture is I want to
move funds quickly and maybe I want to
do something with those funds on the
destination chain um so if you're trying
to uh move nfts around or trying to move
like ens names that are sort of that are
are are conceptualized as an nft you
need something else right we can do
things like hey you want to buy your ens
name um you can go and pay for it from
any chain and make that be one click so
I take my arbitrum funds or my optimism
funds and I go and I buy my ens name on
like eth main net and it's one click to
go and execute that but these are
slightly different concepts and what why
sorry my questions like why just why
cannot we just like merge it together
into the same
standard so so um go back to the idea of
how the intent architecture works you
are going to have these solvers front
the user funds uh on the destination
chain I can't front them in nft that's
on some chain I need to create another
representation of it like trustless so
fungibility the fact that we have
fungibility is what allows the intent
architecture to work so well if I'm
trying to do something that can't be
fungible like money money is fungible or
tokens are f
if it's not fible then I'm going to need
to like send a lower level message to
make that happen Okay uh we got 10 15
seconds but yeah can you can you answer
the the top one uh how can 763 prevent
devs from messing around with the intend
the user pass f um so
uh so the the um the user and the solver
both have to agree and Trust the
settlement system okay if you write a
dodgy settlement system
um in my example there yeah you could
still use her funds and that's bad um do
I expect the user to to sanity check
their settlement systems no but I do
expect wallets or other applications
that implement this to sanity check that
settlement system and or you know we'll
create