[Applause]
like the concerns of this proposal is
immense to adjust mean we have to do
with kind of other things that people
have been complaining of Annabelle at
four months the biggest one being like
few markets and real labor markets so I
will kind of explain the problem first
so the problem is like status quo is
basically a bunch of shards and each of
these shards have claws but the shards
only fear above each other had a kind of
theory delayed schedule and like this is
because like it's somewhere in the
middle here you have a cross linked into
the beacon chain in this case if that
was about one block and so basically
like at base in the status quo proposal
had basically here for one shard to
worm-like state birds of other shards it
takes like about six minutes and vo this
is obviously bad for if you want to be
able to have any kind of cross straps
and the purple small w pants just thing
to get around this basically has to do
with these connect lofty mystic states
so basically the top of us have
optimistic mechanism that says oh well
if you're over here then you can make a
kind of conditional block that said I am
this conditional block just that access
all I think this team I think the state
route of this chart actually is this
value given is missed
that is going to do this and you just
have these blocks identity exists as
something on way or two and that there
would be these different at a protocols
for achieving this and at some point
later there would be some leader process
over here and then I kind of storms
through all these small X figures out
which ones are kind of correct which
ones are not correct and kind of threads
everything together red so and if step
one block silver sphere or kind of
packages over here out of publish ahead
of time opinions about what happens in
other shorts and these opinions are not
necessarily over two percent correct
where things have it based off of those
opinions until things have dependencies
and clients can like basically figure
out ahead of time like all these walks
will get one yes I kind of glued
together but then there is a process
that kind of whose these walks to cut
together one chain and up in the future
and execution environments are supposed
to rather than be able to implement
signals the reason why this is because
this is not very nice it's basically
because if he wants to look at this from
a point of view of like I am a
transaction center you know hi I'm Alice
and I want to send some points to Bob
and I Alice I have points on this chart
but it turns but what I do what someone
says
it's over to Bob and you have Bob over
Sierra and Alice well successful
defensive Wednesday law and then Bob
Ameet wants to be able to do things with
those points immediately like sending
them to Charlie or putting them into
Eunice lava which one would
automatically send some die to generally
but if Alice test planes and Alice sense
wins the bottom then the coins like the
underlying based protocol of ether we're
not going over here immediately and so
Bob does not yet have protocol level
either Bob has kind of gone from too
optimistic ether which will become
protocol no mediator but I mean what
because like it's voodoo ether is only
your two things like we can't trust what
proposers to understand what who Demeter
is because what reporters are not
expected to speak all of these execution
environment languages and so block
proposal I basically bought has nothing
with which to take love proposers
until media stuff with later in the
future is either becomes real
which one happen over here and so Bob
like theoretically has coins but do not
pay transaction fees so this has
historically even kind of salt with the
scent of magic catch but it's really our
markets but we've been kind of thinking
about the labor markets recently like
realizing more and more that first of
all this kind of design like it seems to
minimize away or one complexity but in
passing a lot employer to complexity
around all these optimistic games and
real labor markets get monopolized
easily there's
and a lot of other nasty stuff
so that's the problem
so here is the solution the solution
basically says we have that we have a
bunch of different charts and what we're
going to do is basically have a
cross-linked kinetics lab so these
charts are going to get across with a
good block and then the short blocks of
the next slide are going to be aware of
the output of the beacon water they're
gonna do things and then they're going
to be included over here and then you
have another region plug then an
overseer human have more sharp blocks
and so you have kind of a much tighter
coupling between the shards where each
shard like any block on any lunch lauren
is aware of everything that happens on
the previous charts so the reason why
you this is nice now is because like on
top of this we can also add
functionality for Andrew may be there
between charts within a single slot and
so if Alice has peso coins over here
then Alice over here I can just make a
receipt that says AI wants to give
points of points the fog and the you can
even have functionality where a head of
the underlying execution environments
can even much
from one chart to the other and then Bob
who was so there's gonna be over here
the blog will I basically get me able to
include the received and its blog
actually asking you know because well
actually has Ethan over here ball can
immediately use these to do things like
BAM transaction fees so I guess like
when we look at like what really or what
really are sort of what execution
environments are forth like execution
environments kind of serve different
roles and eath to so one of them is they
dis provide like Java semantics so
basically like is this like balances
Beauty xhose receipts and they also
described by and they also kind of
prehistoric system and they also have to
handle like basically cross sure we also
have the support things like optimistic
state
might be without the support they would
have to come up with some like special
purpose like vehement strategy is so be
keying a kind of full execution
environment like have all these
components spread and this proposal
basically says you don't need to do this
anymore
in you know you do this anymore because
the protocol is kind of tightly
connected enough to just be able to do
this both natively so to kind of poke a
bit more deeply one it's like basically
the way that fee payment could happen
yes you have Alice over here and Alice
is just going to send the transaction
and the transaction would have wasa
execution and the ones of execution
would be see what have one of the
outputs that it could do is it could
give an opcode the B C's we dyslexia
payments but in few payments is
basically an opcode that says take ether
out of the current execution environment
and paying ether to the current proposal
so look we have a special upload this is
basically the PAS proposal right you
have like this kind of top-level wants
and Wako that just said our welcome and
the five that just has to keep her out
of the excuse environment and kind of
give it as a fee and Baja whoever is the
one proposer does not need to understand
execution environments because bog can
just run code and sneeze politics made
the fear and Bob Noah said both that Bob
will get paid so is there enough off the
proposer no us have to propose that the
proposal
now there's kind of like there's stuff
that you didn't do that you can do on
top so like for example if you wants to
allow transactions to be merged to share
morkul groups and all that nice stuff
you can do this but like that's more
detail so question like the big question
here is like what sacrifices are we but
do we have to be together that's great
so if we do this without changing
parameters then basically the overhead
is of the b-team is going to increase by
a factor of 64 and increasing the media
welfare specifically the at the station
processing overhead is going to increase
by a factor of 60 now that's kind of and
the other problem that we would have is
that the number of active validators
that we wouldn't eat for salat in order
to actually be able to process
everything in every short light goes up
right so basically over European and
shards then like you would want
mm 28 or 128 back then and then if you
want like to basically if we're still
like if we still have a good luck length
of 64 then we would actually need a
hundred and twenty eight times ten times
64 and as 1024 and so the grew would
need there to be like basically more you
throw them actually this validated to be
able to process very anything everything
in a single salade or else we have to
cut down the ePub length that if we cut
down the ePub length that we have kind
of compress things have been bored and
really blow up the chain so the second
part of this proposal is that we kind of
do something to some parameters weekend
in perimeter it speaking that I'm
suggesting is short counts goes from
1024 down to 64 shard block size goes
down from goes up from 16 to target 64
max to
1:28 sorry Gibble's biomass and so this
altogether this is obviously divided by
16 times 8 and so we obviously get times
1/2 times 1/2 charge throughput or total
system throughput but I'm arguing that
this is fine and the reason actually we
also we're also doubling the what well
instead of having the smallest one times
who would have larger more clients so
there would be another platter by Tears
so we would be kind of one quart
basically cutting down the throughput to
about a quarter of what it was and my
argument is that this is flying because
select realistic weather is not going to
be a thousand X increase in the number
of users anyway and we can just kind of
start these numbers below and kind of
conservatively ratchet them up over time
so what this you know there's kind of
other optimistic of optimizations that
we so I guess so first of all just to
clarify like in this architecture even
though you have a cross-linked every
SWAT from the point of view of FFG you
would still have ebooks and fge blocks
will still have a length of 64 swats I
mean if we want we can make of 32 but
let's tear it up when you reduce that
okay so the treetop who for used Scylla
so kind of overhead analysis so from a
overhead point of view right there is
basically kind of two major there's a
couple of major components to overhead
one is PC pairings the other is you see
additions and kind of T reads and a
third is like and
of EPOC kind of balance updating so I am
basically ec pairings are there actually
EC pairings are proportional to the
number of cross links that you have but
no lot to the number of total validators
and so basically EC pairings are the
thing that this proposal alright might
end up going up by a factor of floor but
I have an idea for instead of maybe
going up by factor for like maybe only
be to go up by a factor of two the idea
here is basically that like delayed at
the station is just going to get merged
all get emergency up there to publish
something else for the wait at the
station and then you see ads business
proportional to the number of Ella this
is like basically validators divided by
equal a blank and this is also no health
leaders divided by you mark life so if
the employment goes down then a work
walks will be up these end every block
walks to take a rolling large amount of
time the process you know we be what we
basically kind of have a have someone
have a kind of trade out to meet here
then you would you agree in that like at
the status right now and then people
walkable walks are and of closer to
being like taste considerably longer to
process that like hundred
zatia blocks I think it's actually the
other way well I think that even have
even then muscle comes from the other
stations at least in the lighthouse
benchmarks that I've seen the you
proportion of that even at like 4
million validators is a fraction of the
actual bottom so that's actually not as
big a concern okay
I mean if this is true we don't look at
what went down from 64 to 32 at that
time actually to it for other reasons
like it cuts it cuts in half the ability
that we wouldn't even for of the study
but to actually be able to process I
call charts of a single spot another
parameter is right and I think in
general I don't like I would not support
reducing you for a validator like if I
was coming up with a nice firm elevator
number from scratch I would say 64
instead of 32 but maybe and so I feel
like the mean value of 32 is worth more
than 24 right like if we have to
yeah in the value and the mean value of
luckiest the composability is also
pretty high so sacrificing
eight degrees the other seems good yes
yes to what extent can I rely on a cross
linked because shots can fall cried so
yes presence of a cross link doesn't
mean together anything is final at least
okay so one thing that this proposal is
not like in this one like like one thing
you might notice here is that shard
chains don't exist right now
in the proposal I have char chains do
kind of exist in this sort of limited
ephemeral form you know the in shown
kind of winders value but okay so
basically in this model the like if I
publish a transaction kind of Sears the
kind of increasing levels of
confirmation I've experienced right so
step one I publish a transaction so
Alice publishes a transaction is
floating in the air right now Bob knows
that unless Alice double Spencer mob is
going to get paid
great like this is like it so this is
the same as like Bitcoin ease that you
know like zeroconf or whatever step to
this transaction gets included into a
block into a shard boy proposal now
there is a bit more confirmation steps
are being then you have cross link votes
and crosses and clothes start
accumulating on the show
proposal and then you get a bit more
about prevention step for the short walk
gets proposed and this short vlog
actually like two-thirds of the votes in
the char block for this party or
two-thirds of the voters over here I'm
actually are for this block in which
case now the basically the region chain
matter stands behind this block so
that's option one option two is maybe
less than two-thirds of the committee
votes like support this book and then
there's two options option 2a is that
two-thirds of the votes support
something else and if two-thirds of the
votes support something else then this
guy then this guy's gone in this
transaction should just wait until it
gets included sometimes option to be is
that maybe there's two blocks and that's
maybe none of them got two-thirds right
so maybe like when this one go 40
percent this one about forty percent and
the other 20% were just offline if this
happens and these could be like to
compete conflicting vlog so the proposer
gets slashed or this one of them per
deal at the zero block right so if the
product of choice are published a little
bit late then like you might have a
50-50 if this happens then what we have
or the third possibility is out there
our 70 percents but the well beacon blog
proposers like being a little evil and
deciding not to include things so if
this happens then our channel just draw
it out let's say you have another beacon
block and include it weird it would
include but this is not getting funded
great then what happens is that a
proposal over here but basically it
would be pointing to this and it would
also have another pointer to this right
so this is like shards 0 slot 1 2 3 this
would be a short 0s to left for a
somewhat poor proposal but basically a
salon or proposal if it's pointing to a
B pitch in which we are in the previous
sensible the previous included as long
as less than 3 M it has the proposal has
to contain an opinion about what
happened in small cream and then sure
look what's suppose what loss of
generality this nice legitimate then he
is going to include 1/2 of these things
and he's gonna include crossly and that
cross link is going to get you in the
indian about this and its making
about this and so this gets immunity so
there ESP I definitely didn't worship
functionality now so the only thing that
you lose here is basically in that over
here to cross charter can be like cross
right communication gets delayed by one
slot because this isn't like this is not
aware of this but otherwise like you
have to wait a you have to wait
encourage in its life and then the final
level of confirmation is one like this
tie gets finalized and that lol is says
such transactions about is finalized so
the only poor thing that's happening
with respect to a shark tank
actually contain words because these
sharp block is containing a previous
reference to do so only only if you
reorder that you can change what you
actually could you okay and then in this
case really kind of an American chart
change you do have less confirmation but
it hasn't yet communicated with other
charts so you don't have the issue like
shards me right
we assumed that one of the shots was
completely oppressor of books and
protections that actually better than
just a transition but since everybody
Sebastian any will it be accepted by
them becomes a no good actually do some
sort of validation on this stage well it
depends what we mean by like cruise day
right because so a list who the actors
are one accurate sharp reporters in
other actor s committees so if the
proposer is malicious and prim proposes
a bad walk then generally the committee
will not accept it another possibility
is the proposers malicious the media is
also malicious the community points
delicious thing and and then this he
didn't want and if theoretically points
to invalid starchy did it even yeah it's
really good right look you know so if
this happens right then first of all
like this is already violating like the
security assumptions so there's like to
recover from this kind of situation like
you would be simply need to so I wrote a
separate proposal about this actually
like what but so that's not basically
there's two kind of possibilities one of
them is that it got this work then
eventually it'll be discovered through
fraud proofs and when it gets discovered
through fraud books then like everything
gets her bit and you can't really revert
lost everything
because the reality in practice the
dependency graphs especially between
four sharks are going to be super tight
the second proposal that is basically
that you have this kind of roll off
lights iam where you don't like if it's
unavailable than you referred but if
it's invalid that if you don't revert
like you revert than each chart state
but you did not revert the chain and you
kind of revert the shard state with
image within the chain the idea for this
behind this is that this allows us kind
of brought your assumptions to be a kind
of a subjective at more of the clients
that choice instead of like forcing a
secret assumption on everyone but these
things will only happen in the extreme
case where a community gets broken by an
attacker which in general requires more
than conscience yes
I'll change what will happen it's not
possible for to deflect a charging watch
to be included on this a baby chick oh
wait my different-looking so what we're
seeing is that there's to be in Chains
and then there's like the shark chain
which gets included over here and then
over here let's say this one gets
included here and then this is the zero
block and he gets it to live here right
is that what you're saying I mean this
is too busy to shop job changes yeah so
basically okay so in this diagram right
like the the zeroes was a hole between
the barbecue chain watch began the the
the Pullman's are searching twice right
like is this wigger is basically saying
or are you saying some other fashion
pointers
Oh like these are the hash pointers I
think yeah so that pork at the end you
the the dot at the top is one shark lock
that Obama's different rope yeah they've
entered into
or yeah this is fighting in inflicting
but what's the point to get my picture
James it's a matter of so eventually the
task that most the majority to go goals
become whoever the Viva which ever beat
me Shane wins this fight so when you're
when you're in tested with a sharp
lecture also testing to the head of the
pain so you're giving the weight to the
result by other for choice by just five
bucks so much because we have some sort
of consensus which music company offers
many new chambers sensors cavities
a coordinated system so I'm also
it doesn't mean to
of such an approach or become Jacob
question so so I think in this context
that's that's be able to fly the
peaceable kingdom chain run some pls
give any weight of the initiated members
or if you really wanted to
someone asked a question about the
previous proposal looking at the yes
okay you shared before they interrupt
longtime leader on focus and it was
probably an alternative case - yes with
removing persistent state groups from
shards and executing code on while the
court in beacon box I think we almost
liked that proposal because we've got to
offer start transparency great innocence
soon and then put then in this radical
new new proposal is it we're returning
back to versus insurance or is there a
way to combine the two so I actually
think that you are in a kind of similar
Cola softball direction and if the
reasons I would give for that are like
one is that because you have like short
chain like the shorts are kind of
tightly connected to each other like
theoretically you could have designs
where I have things happen on one char
but let me just get moved over to
another
like the kind of secret easier makes
that easier and the second thing is that
this is proposal a kind of execution
aptly the proposal of having execution
happen on the beacon chain like if in
this particular case the move would be
delivered
yeah but in any other case I don't leave
any other names so like basically
the execution environment is going to be
or every one of these lies can be aware
of the post seat all of po state routes
over here sorry you could just get a
second instance that you can you can
have a PE that swaps yeah to someone
else that's way so this like each
general the thing that EE execution is
aware of is that OPA aware of the like
it's always aware of previously route of
its own chart and it's also aware of
recent statements of other charts but
like that if you like the way that
you've used that abstraction to be a
lots of things like you could yeah and
I'd say like be softly the facts of this
proposal is kind of biasing toward more
layer one communication like basically
it does kind of oh more toward this
kind of idea like shards is being things
that you just do computation you want to
keep the state from the shirt just we
have to fit missing
it's an option oh you mean over here
yeah yeah yeah so so he's right if you
want that feature offender need a caress
well you know like well every sharp
block is read like it's given points for
this pretty ansible life so I think what
Keyes was asking better be could they
really just move this state from the
Stratus Oh removal yes okay so this
proposal right so in this proposal I
guess one question is like why not
simplify even more radically and just
say like if this thing does not get
included then this thing is just great
and if you do that then like you really
are removing state from chunks
completely because like all the state
like when we say that exists a state
that gets faster to beat the chin do you
give a lot of power to make yes
basically because I can I can just say I
don't like that block and now that block
in the camera we're going some sort of
topic
but if we want to kind of make things
slightly better we could say something
like oh we have a period of two selasa
move in which to move these things and
that would turn the power to a wonderful
to go like I'm scared an adjusted on his
head for it you know I did not think in
the board so it's all I can answer
actually yes so we need sorry its I
don't know if this is kind of a second
but in this new model if you dose the
block those are the breakfast is one of
the difficult is all the shards falls
short see why you of a cross short
communication across our communications
won't repeat drums like yeah what I
guess where our thoughts are out back
this is one of this is one of the
reasons just as excited about see group
leader election I mean so thank you
the optimistic stuff as we might be
avoided in the short term I think will
still be valuable secret leader election
protocols I are not too scary I guess
but like especially 41 most based on
written signatures do you know anything
is the toy integration so basically it's
like a two-step process the first step
because this pre-registration when you
send a message wishes which is secretly
actually identity but people don't
realize that I forgot to take that and
this has to be double to also when you
don't do linking
Zebulon he produced a block element so I
guess like it's not useful to do secret
leader election until we have look at
the tour backing right right okay and
that's that's good rationale for
delaying and until phase two or three
what do you mean by crushed
recommendation attempt always basically
so let's assume that all block recorders
become bet for a while then you have
like short walks and then each other in
this direction like if no if we think
what you might be saying is that like
you could also have communication graphs
that are kind of partially intertwined
so like for example like gonna require
charts you could require this block to
have an opinion on like these two and
you could have a look at way like in a
dependent
anyway I guess the problem of the air is
that like when you have things actually
have to come together like you would
have to kind of first include these and
then based on that activity to be from
that it would be so the opera's of
pre-caching out would be more complex
maybe so my understanding is that so in
short what is it really good boy it's
awesome
yes yeah absolutely
in that case is that me talk about some
of the research somebody can always use
how do you exercise at all just about
sir yeah how do you resolve the crusher
transactions in that next block are they
personally done or would you have the
options so here's the proposal that I
have the total the total
internetting is forcibly done but the
receipts you have to go to do yourself
and there an execution whole thing
you must be is curable successfully so
basically so the approach in my proposal
is that you basically require each chart
blocks here so like if mrs. say shard
index one then over here at each of
these short blocks is going to publish a
more poetry that just says like this is
how much people are sending to each
other shark and so this chart you're
going to have to quit the morkul bridge
here and will have to include the
moreover actually Sierra will have to
include that same level directions here
good versus one proposal I mean you
could also have it make it more
forgiving the following question is like
how to percent motive that salsa post in
the latest case one of the gloves down
not
I've become black and later
shamrocks yes and so that means they're
mostly converted that's for an
opportunity through all these
transactions or shanks are crossed out
messages yeah it's possible
so that's not it's not gonna be forced
but even on these ones there's still be
a little bit used right yeah so if there
are some limit to how much you can in
this wall okay so in this one I'm
generally assuming that I've here a
large portion of transactions will be
cross shard
so okay the be a chain is not required
to like literally include like a lot of
one data for every single cross your
transaction great like most of it
happens to receive passing like
basically in everybody thinks you need
is you need a shower chance to be aware
of from all these other short chains you
can do things with receipts and if he
wants to move across char then you need
to have up some kind of basically
betting capability
we can have different execution targets
on their charts so we're here today to
talk about EPC execution in general and
this is highly relevant just because
this reconfiguring of the architecture
is a changes how we might need to keep
an eye on so I guess if I'm accuser then
one thing you could do is you could say
Oh boom I am a good I have like full
state on this Shore and I can just like
self package another thing you could do
is you could just like talk to a folk
like you basically use like my client
protocols
like I see two spots but I do it yeah
yeah you use a length length protocol a
blank blank protocols right so basically
likes you talk to if you don't have full
state and some charge for some the
execution environment then you would
just talk to a server but does the
server gives you branches so that you
have a package of broadcast right so
that simple great supposed to be market
but there's still a notion of stay
providers really layers I don't know
that term that really applies to all
sorts of things but there's still an
idea of like other like weird
general general purpose hash preimage
for lovers that market for just market
participants one concern with this we
had was in the previous one it was being
a bigger concern because you had a
passenger port charts and the same
provider would have to have an eye on
each of those and I think the reasons we
like the the pre interrupt
red was that you could maybe have some
kind of scheduling figuring out which
charts given insufficient marketing so
state water could just respective you
yeah I mean here you can also have your
exit environments funny that like I
think that maybe like the issue of just
like in general aggregated transactions
for I retains that state isn't something
that the specification actually
addresses right so it's more about like
I feel like you initially at least like
i mean e-to is mostly about achieving
consensus then just you know like making
state and execution is an abstract thing
that is so funny because I can eat one
all we've ever been doing is like people
always just been worrying about like
state in execution I can't think what
census portion of each want is that like
never Bryce so like I mean all that
never breaks in each one is you know
like say that execution so I feel like
this something where this is all there's
definitely kind of bad in good aspects
to this like one good aspect is that it
basically mats that like if we want we
can just like bring
state an execution and it rules almost
as they are inside of this the in absent
Prosser and stuff but and another and
about thing obviously acceptance means
that kind of work is being done to and
have allow lots of different kinds of
things to work but the kind of less work
as we have done to grieve one specific
very good thing that works but like
that's that's parallelizable it just
means that we need more two more teams
that get it's a greeting of your
specific they know thing that works in
one benefit is that it means that I
think if we if we do have a kind of good
solid and census layer that provides
kind of enough base functionality that
people want then you can see more you
know we keep working on those other
things so I do feel like we actually
already have like a couple of things
working with
one good thing and that's this one yeah
yeah I think like making if one like be
a popular like making eath one plus like
simple cross harbor scene passing like
be a popular execution target at the
beginning it seems to be kind of fairly
Network effects preserving a
conversation with some mystery teams and
suggesting depth and the context people
wanted me he is like still like crucial
portion or some diversion or iteration
cousin is a crucial portion of the
stoppers that it is that view into the
state that you and I see immediately
well there's a lot of the system
basically a lot of things about each one
points that are like outside of the he
specification like one thing that having
there's obviously like those
transactions and laying rights they have
increasing there's actually no need to
specify these things because there's
always better ways to like them in any
kind of software and this is just like a
software problem it is moving in a
circle it's really beautiful that you
took the step and actually like so to
say that you know this is not our
problem with
dougies it was just it just means that I
could never get someone else to
someone's problem yeah yeah we do
actually have like a pretty good idea of
like what that problem is because what
we've never been doing it like we've
been living inside this one specific to
eat at least before right now so it's
kind of like we already know that what's
going to happen yes if that model is
based on the problem here
I
you'd like is being used for FSU yeah so
you still divide slots and 80 bucks all
validators are called upon to do to
attest once per that unit if you pump to
go cross-linked but also to vote on that
management so the cycle of effigy is
still like large units of rather
than the other thing it does is
essentially it takes that shuffling of
committees and rather than having a set
of shards a set of shards instead of
charts the different set of charts per
slot is just the same chart each slide
address the mechanics repair so actually
an exercise right now essentially just
like removing the notion of a crossing
of a zero so that space zero in terms of
for choice in terms of the validate with
validators doing in terms of like voting
on it's all barristers
we have final questions one limit
communication
my being answer to this would be it that
like then you would have to deal with
wipes easy level reenters and stuff
which just seems like weird and
complicated but like if people want me
to do it is the like the post state
execution would then be like two
favorites well I guess the idea would be
like right now like if these cans call
each other it's more like you have like
a and then B and then C it but then here
you would have like a and then you might
have it and then he just decides that oh
we're gonna call a inside a CRNA decide
so we're gonna call the inside of here
and then he ends and the dance and the
pants again then you have like C and
then B over here like there is benefits
but legs you can see how this is a
potential a security nightmare even if
you don't have that secrets
could be
in the same shark lung and if they don't
you know so what are the same part
everyone first
yep so one thing we can't do is win I
think we can kind of allow a temp data
free like basically free receipt passing
between from what executioner's of
second ones I think that's uh
don't do that you can parallelize so
there is actually one very good reason
to allow receive passing between kind of
separate institutions of any EU which is
basically that if one updates the market
area that the other might have witnesses
that are all they might have to update
them generally kind of it's absolutely
good for elimination
explain oh you had well this is like if
you have new ability to kind of
communicate between different is that
you would just know excited it was
single yeah then you could just say what
one thread brought us all the a what
thread runs all to be one thread runs on
the CI that you had at the end yeah like
that might even be here good because
that way we would be able to get watched
produced and verifying the more
you can store your essence in a
different thank you kindly
that's true
right this is true so me me a lot more
communication is due
we'll use pension
should ease be open for any we talked
about should be easy open for anyone to
deploy or originally put joggers are no
face to adjust phase one so we thought
about this I guess I am the mean read
night one of the big reasons face to is
nice is that we have a goaltending
market I mean we could do like this 1
plus mu in a multi you market but if we
do that then like a minimum fee of like
that requires you to be more diary than
the old by smart contracts and so yeah
well I mean there's two does this mean
that you know the the current keeps
changing running in parallel river you
know what just means each chain becomes
[Music]
yeah it's no need to execute it I don't
like even if the under roll-up chain
right from whose context into that
because proposers need to know and what
the hell am I supposed to include what's
actually going to get me pious but like
if you if we kind of go roll up style
that cross-linked committees wouldn't
would theoretically not need to vote on
the execution results which could be
interesting like you could have a setup
we're floating on execution results
that's kind of delayed a bit you know
this occurred immediate well no that's
not good because that currents like
fresh start
why do we even need shards she would say
my date availability throughput in an
Amish are consistent with the ratio go
to gate availability groups
I guess because that kind of centralized
proposing
[Music]
well I think that you to question that
and if you say you have no execute among
chives
and their shirts and you don't then you
don't you chose this is well I guess
like when you put it like that they're
kind of the data availability chain
proposals like there has been a couple
of them recently read like they're it's
an interesting idea like you just go
like political let someone the charts
and then you just like have you just say
the whole thing is supposed to be a
rollup then you basically like the
proposals that I've seen like they do
kind of allow different people to submit
like different bloggers routes in
parallel and I think that is showing but
in any system that I like I think any
system that doesn't kind of bottleneck
proposing so that one person needs to be
aware of everything is - are by
definition there's definitely a
trade-off between like how much you have
strategy versus be more complexity and
that's one of the big things anymore
there were a lot of six months
the execution of those like actually
happens unlike the shark client himself
early we need small external clients the
so like running the code would be done
by shark clients as you have to like
check the state routes doing kind of
user specific activity like maintaining
States and like generating witnesses
like all of that is definitely right
upgraded terrain that make things like
definitely we need to
who's this for
challenges three labor markets
challenges with the markets
[Music]
and you know what you're up to points
about challenges over labor markets the
I I think the challenge with the relayer
markets as basically a bit like and this
scene this is like a common opinion I've
quite so and I begin I had like two or
three months ago as the dungeons good
that we have like optimistic roll up in
the C key role of happening on this one
because like that means that there was
more people like T thinking and
experimenting about real labor markets
and that community seems to keep coming
to the conclusion that roll up chains
are likely to have monopoly promoters in
the argument basically has been like as
soon as there's one party that's better
at sequencing that others that they need
to be only slightly better
that everyone else and this potentially
has censorship risks and so like that
means to funnel your tuna later to
context you can obviously switch the
differences that was what annoy or what
contacts what you get so yeah a layer
one context like you want more security
of Mexico gliding
so the next one we kind of hug below
this morning and is just among some of
the participants should E's be open for
anyone to deploy or restrictive I'll
give you a quick on the range there so
on the one end you could deploy the
system such that these can be employed
by anyone with a certain economic model
to deploy these probably very expensive
to do so but people play with them let
standards emerge and just kind of see
what happens on the other extreme there
are some participants that argue that
maybe we should deploy one very good EEG
that feels like ethereum it kind of
gives a very clear user story and allows
people to like build up and make it
operate in this rashard context and then
eventually open up be used to the the
deploy and let people experiment the
second proposal was called dictatorial
at this point but at the same time
provides like a little bit more
guarantee that we get something out
looks
area so it's a it's a to be debated
still the second proposal that does
about what you eat still as you can
Billie's
and top of this nice yes
so I guess the question is what it means
to have a flip top level T versus
deploying will all recall beat each
other contracts that's the person in
question it's probably that would be
what one of two bees that some big
things are going to develop at the so
what would be the benefits or not
nothing anymore experiment with some
other one nakiya nerve distinction has
to do with like state so one of the
remaining rules of an EVD is kind of
like describing a diffuser almost state
structure if we have one and try to even
and let abilities Italy in that idea
then like no matter how successful this
integrity is are there because they
depend on the original year whatever the
state model of the original you know
steps like a statement like that status
state that basically everyone will need
to have whereas if these are more
parallel with each other that
falls into this yearís that had a fewer
people can store it state again you were
then and so fewer people think like it
might become like slightly more
difficult to do things what that but
like other people don't need to be
bothered with that data and so I've had
to a parallel approach like at least in
the short term it gives us freedom not
to commit to a particular state
structure and to a particular trade off
between involving things away events
versus storage status versus like pasta
filling that confers resistance date
there's also risks and how a CER
and also with respect to potential bugs
someone brought up this morning like the
omen from mallero perspective the only
thing that going to keep her like
validators enemies and then you actually
as a user own beings within the context
of the account structure of the night
but if for example there was a very
popular ee that exchange is recognized
and someone exploited a bug such that
the account structure within me thought
that it had a bunch more even the layer
one still loved that it only had
attending than that he someone's account
now that the exchange recognizes it's
invalid account might have worried so
this is kind of like I can do a bug
where rap teeth might print rap teeth
but there's actually not that much ease
back again so there's there's like all
sorts of complexities on like how this
concept of domain issues rolled out to
users rolled up to exchanges rolled out
select the various participants and the
various all sorts of other company
software that maybe go with interfaces
so there's just a lot of complexities
and a lot of conversation still have
around what is so what committee about
the ease
since issues to the universe of the
network from walking because
right because if they are for what ve
this 20 premonitions they commence would
be ready Nations the ears will be
written about assembly right so there's
a like there is no notion like it since
ceremony it's just the code that runs
okay so the energies have yeah it gets
to a point to the beacon pain as a code
it's code
it's a comment so I understand the risk
that if anybody can be pleased some pain
pulling to misuse and then you have to
stay on the beacon gene there was
that maybe you look up each or to deploy
it yes and you may need to wear time you
may need to look of course the kind of
like event but if you actually burned
that then it's gonna stay there forever
if there should be something
or exploring because I'm really sure
that the risk one of the risks you guys
really think of is that it's blow to the
engine like allowing the e's which may
spell intimacy and to be welcome out of
the room as long as other participants
and pitch em to lock up and that there's
like on your time because you wouldn't
want to eat it just is it definitely
zijn you throw that base that there
might be a funny your friend actively
operating system yeahbsolutely
and there are risks like an exchange
having rap teeth as you're looking as
good as he in there exchange if there's
there take Congress
I mean if exchanges are gonna create a
separate token for beacon
[Music]
especially given a dis proposal maybe
the different user be synchronous we
prefer multiple children
yes but then it doesn't bargain
[Music]
but nonetheless let's get straight away
or maybe it just becomes okay either
pound said like outside
we go hey yeah so are there bounds on
he's like so soon we can deploy our own
is it deterministic you sometime
like is there a bound or there was
through what we're assuming that got
system-level Castle okay that's so you
could deploy any that like say just
burns your computation they don't know
you don't be able to make a block on it
if it always capital the gas so this
issue with like for techies potentially
accumulating on the Deccan change sounds
like you might just want to go to the
next level and have like stateless
beacon chain where like the ultimate
gonna exist somehow access events feel a
computer well I know it's more about
like I think we already kind of like
like we've seen that problem happened
before you know what the stay for a
blanket but I feel like I need is you my
opportunity not like to avoid yeah you
can make the tea I like the ideas you
generally want these to be very
expensive and you wanted a I'm show you
so blocking up bounds state size if
there's like a second on a block for
size 30 or and burning also found this
so like we don't explore those rather
even if it was inexpensive but just a
fee model like to see your rent or
something yeah essentially has to have
is the bacon chain it has to be synced
by any production on this fully sinking
into our chains they have to sync this
component server yeah like if we set it
so you have to like the Walker for any
ether per kilobyte and people decide to
form 30 30 million to create to blow the
state by 30 gigabytes that I think you
maximalist a lot he is going to be
which
how often do we need to over 70 design
and hope and business meal
so here like these are just crossing
committees so they adjust everyone
Willie set their own gas that's actually
more of this layer one concept is like
the gas against the gas limits by time
when launched solid we have all sort of
stuff moving it's moving as fast we have
64 choice the ultimately this and one
that will allow some good things out
Bastion seriously similarly with the
ease it's a simple blanket rustles so
you know it service like in the other
reason why I like this as simplification
games like basically if a lot of kind of
sharp chain logic that we have been kind
of wrangling whatever comes unless
needed also like a lot of groups like
this crew of custody complexity can be
better produced down further because
well basically you would be able to
reduce everything to a single kind of
front groups where the single front
group is it just is importing an entire
Charlotte
and chin and that's something that was
not possible with cross-links because
across was just too big a importance in
the beta channel
[Music]
the last one answered have a Mississippi
lesson
what will the transaction throughput
being pressured yeah
so I mean by these numbers I estimated
at one point for me it's a two point
seven megabytes per second of data so if
we allow like computation and if we
assume what transaction is as vehicle
injured bytes and that's well worth a
billion divided by 30 that was good but
depends on the construction yes all the
constructions it depends on whether or
not you're using a rollup it depends on
like what the gas do many people write
[Music]
in no version of the poses
do we not open up
I also I just I just want to speak to
the two ranges of it I don't firmly
[Music]
and they're going out to meet up to have
you for a multi-state it's gonna hold
one it's a yeah so when you make a block
you'd probably specify what he eats or
or what side of BT's and that would
interpret the block data as such against
likely be asynchronous on the order
block sloppiness proposal but there's
there's definitely room to discuss intra
be within lunch our last question tiny
about other pups epistles of Paul talks
about this today
validators don't select a variable oh
yeah so I don't seem like you're running
to your ease right how does ostracize me
yeah so I mean if you're it's it's a
free market so in general like if say
one block can have one evening there are
very high about a beauty store lots and
lots of hiding transactions was being
picked up more than say an underutilized
might only have demand to be processed
every handful block so but that the
actual mechanics are there but wouldn't
that just needed an illogical team not
necessarily and the that was an extreme
case where we just have one eating her
but if you allow multiple easier than
yet likely like you might fill in the
gaps at the end with like underutilized
but actual last question but is it I
mean is there rinsing would like to be
saying that to the crystal isn't sponsor
clock so it's proportional to the amount
of contact
that's not well everyone so if a
proposer similar to oppose or anyone
gets to kind of bundle things in as they
see fit
it's not a matter of like all the other
validators coming in on coating you're
not so but again if you're in a very
underlip utilize e you might pay so very
high i receive it will check if that's
somebody include it's almost thing that
those bees have some kind of catch to
save on local boost
I was just wondering how this
[Music]
and this proposal indefinitely I do it
reduces the amounts of kind of crossable
locks a thing that you can do but like
you get some of the benefits back you
penciling the one good your wife's get
bigger so but they in terms of like
having it the cash generally we usually
think of these as having like a stapler
32 bytes per chart but we've discussed
option opportunity of like when
deploying the e depending on the amount
of capital of earned like you can
specify you know state refer short or
maybe like some larger chunk of data
which means that being like it like my
cash so that's still kind of up to
debate the actual mechanics and
economics around how these things relate
but it's something we're definitely I
think we're gonna call it cuz I think
we're over time and great
[Applause]
you