all right so since for coming to the
first talk at the Quaker alcohol so
today I'm gonna talk about Casper
implementation and the D I will update
the latest status of development that's
in our research team okay about me so
actually I'm I'm xiaochun so right now
I'm working in Metallica's research team
as a Syrian researcher so actually my
background is coming from security and
the privacy and most of focus on the
wild wireless networks and the behavior
and networks so I'm also a type of amia
organizer so if you have any chance to
come with typing maybe you can contact
with me directly and then I was happy to
have you have a presentation there and
so right now I'm working on a Casper so
that's why today I'm to give you a brief
introduction on how we are going right
now and I also use Piscean and a pice
app - I mean - up Casper so the right
corner actually is our Taiwanese local
at our Islands logo it's made by Lee is
ruined so it is designed by stop our
company called army which is also from
Taiwan okay so Weis Casper so Casper
actually is a next-generation consensus
support proof proof stare consented
photo in insulin so it's mean it says
it's deposit base means that you need to
put your deposit into the smart country
so then you can become a very teacher
and now and so you can start to vote for
a particular point so why is why do we
need to have a deposit into the smart
country because because the validator
could do some pep in so if they do some
bad thing we can delete layer
deposit and also it's the proof that is
based on the piece of time for torrents
for torrents so that means that if a
mole and to cert ability to follow the
protocol and no comfort in Brock will be
finalized
otherwise I mean if an amateur T is less
than 2/3 that means the system will get
stuck so this is a code like lightnings
and this is a kind of situation we want
to avoid so I think maybe it kind of
confusing but right now we have two
kinds of version of Casper in our
internal research team and one is
designed by the tardicaca code it has
verified friendly finality Quecha casper
FFG and also we have an hour casper
design which is a pie valla which is
called Casper CPC I think he will have a
presentation this afternoon
so yeah the last velázquez but this is
super cool so I yeah so don't miss it so
today I want to I want to give you a
brief introduction of how does Casper
work yeah because I think people have
already learned some of Casper work on
our wiki or on some of the article but
because we have true version of Casper I
mean talk implementation so it kind of
confusing so today I'm just want to
introduce you the catch / FF / g so
hopefully hopefully after this
presentation I can make you to the
Casper more friendly today okay so what
is the advantage of the Casper so
basically because it's a pro of stake
proko it doesn't lie it's not
like love work so it means that you
don't need to buy the hardware to have
more I mean computation power to to
solve the problem that we code mining so
you can get a reward from the poor for
work so it is kind of like you know no
wasting some electricity so for the
green purpose so this is why we want to
have a pork steak we want to have a
Casper because it's more energy
efficiency and the second reason we want
to have a Casper is because it's a
conical fine energy it's a pretty I mean
novelty comes out of the Casper because
just like as I say before because you
need to put your deposit into a smart
country so once you you know validator
misbehave then we can delete all stage
they are deposit in my country but you
know in the pool of work even even the
minor have more than you know
51% computation power you cannot just
punish it puncher name you how you can
do is just focus chain
okay let's the reason is we want to
reduce the risk of centralization
because in the proof deck is the boat
weight is actually is dollar by dollar
dollar by dollar it means that if you
pay one dollar you only can I mean gets
the 1 dollar benefit but in the proof
work if we have more if you have pretty
high computation power it means once if
it later if you want to have more
computation power the price you need to
pay or the course you need to pay is
quite cheaper so that this is very
different from the probe work okay so
yeah so and I think that we need to know
this is because this is a busy time for
torrents based so yeah once again
morning to serve very dated need to
follow the poco so no conflicting class
will be fine
and we need to keep in mind because
validator could misbehave
so they maybe want to try to get the
system stock or maybe they will I mean
spit into two groups and in each two
groups the board weights maybe is draw
so the system can get stuck so yeah as
for this kind of situation we need to
avoid so high is the change of the
Casper so basically our goal is to want
to have a ever-growing canonical change
just like we have in two of war so the
Buc could be coming on by one so
everybody will see the sanction that
means we can have a data consistent
consistency however you know because
this is very different from the true of
a war because everybody need to reach
the consensus so in the proof a walk if
there is this only one minor even he has
a very low computation power he can
still solve the problem maybe he just
took a long time but in the proofs take
if revegetated to some kind of
misbehavior or they or malfunction then
the citizen could I mean get stuck so
the change problem we need to solve to
solve is accountable safety and a
crossbow Lebanese and I would explain
them later so okay so now I will give
you so high it's very data how to become
a participant into a Casper so if you
want to start to run in a helper you
need to become a validator so right now
any easier holder can become a validator
so for example if you have if we can set
a fixed amount of ISA like a threshold
to make you become a validator like it
may be one south of
$5,000 $5,000
you can become one over the validator so
basically if you want to become a very
data you can just send a request message
e to the smart country here that you put
your money inside so the smart country
actually will record your signature and
also it will record you how many
deposits I you put into a small country
so it could be used to I mean used to
reward or used to tyrannize so why is
the law of a know very data so just like
I mentioned before the big data's job is
to reach a consensus via votes so each
time when when when the validator see
the checkpoints is generating so they
were bought for the checkpoint so
because so yeah because the checkpoints
will come one by one so very today each
time in the robot for checkpoints
however sometimes because the chain
could be folk
so maybe la very data could see two
different chicken point H it's the same
as in the same wrong
so like this if if if here the VOC
weight of the meditator is morning to
third then this system will be fine
because the citizen could work
yeah because this is a bit person time
for turns feature however if the very
gate has paid into two groups and each
to code each two groups less than 2/3
the insistant will be I mean stuck so
this is yeah but this is all easy
department we need to avoid
sorry okay so what is both wait so
actually look the both ways is not
everyone hence the same both weights
it's actually it's proportional to the
total deposits I let the deposit side
okay so let me give example so here that
we have five meditators and each one
have $10 $30 10 10 and 40 so that means
they do not have the same both weights
the both ways should be 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 1
& 2 4 yeah okay so what is the highest
level data's job so if we lay both for
the particular check point if these
check points it getting finalized then
they look very Gator can catch the
reward in our small country we need
because in each time validator can
require consent a request Majesty to say
hey I want to join into the Casper to
get a reward or being a validator so we
will have a type here that so every time
you can send a request but also if you
think that the investment into the into
the Casper is not worthy to do leh also
you can make a request to deeper group
so it's more like a dynamic of ready to
vary data set okay so
we know the Casper is called hyper
Casper that is because when we see this
because the validator need to both
follow checkpoints so actually where is
the check-in point form right now
because we are lay in POS on top of pure
W means the tracking points hae is
coming from the pure W so every every
one hundred bucks would could be a tyre
period we call it a epoch and then in
each epoch we will have a check in/check
a point here so this is a very later and
they need to vote for ok and why we want
to do the hyporheic has per one the
other reason is we want to incent your
minor to microwave to POS more smoothly
because we can relate they are doing the
proof of work the reward they can get
maybe is less than the reward they can
get from the POS so they can make it
acclaim I mean have an incentive to move
the micro to POS so we want to hope
hopefully we want to make a Kinetico
chain and the checking point that could
be finalized one by one the more fine
l'amour checkpoint getting finalized
that means that we can guarantee the
more secure this system could could have
okay so let's that goat diaper into the
votes so what is votes but is basically
the basic elements into a smart country
so just like I mentioned before
everybody to every very data they have a
different both weights so but each time
when they what for a particular points
this kind of ball will recall in Thule
smart country so how does the vote
stands for and
how does it go so in our assistant
implementation we we will have a most
basic about message and this what
message you will have for parameter so
the first is the last epic epic epic
target and the hashtag and impact sauce
and the hot sauce so let me give you
example what what does it mean
so each time when the check point is is
general when the new choke point is
generating so the meditator could see
the new point so they if they want to
vote for a particular point they need to
include their it's its target and its
source so what does talking means it
means I want to vote this target two
points so basically it's hash is one fib
and each epoch is equal to and which is
a reference from the source G is
sensible to Nana's buck which other hash
is age-defying
and each be part in a packer one so the
both measure is kind of like it need to
include the hockey hash and it's sausage
and this is also very day Bob AGG yeah
you can vote from here to here and here
is the source and this is the target
okay so here we see there is a curve
here so let me we call it a
supermajority link so what a
supermajority link if we have a chirp
point which has a tacky and the source
just like hockey and sauce so the very
data evil a vote for this checkpoint and
to a moan and to serve elevator board
for these checkpoints then that means
this is a supermajority link
yeah this is also super mature didn't
Inc so we also define satisfying sure
points what does that mean okay so the
first definition the general is is
always justify and finalized so I so
here always said G is justified so here
if revegetated both for this for this
chicken point because this is coming
from the tooth to serve very date I mean
this is coming from the judge vulture
points so that means if these check
points is it's it's also have to a
two-third of married at her vote for
that means that this checkpoint is
getting justified
I think the color here should be a pink
okay so why is a finalized checkpoint
okay so basically the finalized
checkpoints is means that if we have a
checking terrified chilling point here
and we could have a knowledge just by
checking point here and which is the red
which is a directed child of the
previous checking point or just by
checking points then this checking point
will work and finalized so this is the
definition it's just like a recursive I
mean you can recursively do that if the
chicken point is net is no he is one by
one not let so for the summary this is
the hybrid our Casper so yeah hopefully
we want to have a lot of a finally
checkpoint like this so every 100 bucks
or we call a park then the chicken point
will get finalized so they to talk about
a misbehavior so the bean I talk right
now
is
just a normal situation of how does
Casper I mean how does the very tail
boats so let's talk about evil of
editage could be a big guy or they could
be to some 15 so how do we deal with
that okay so the reminder later I
mentioned that because the validator
if you want to become a validator you
need to put your deposit so when you put
your deposit you also that also means
you put your signature and the you are
deposit ages record into a small country
so let's means we could have each
meditators identity so once they do some
misbehavior then we can slash their
deposit okay so this is the definition
of account for safety so at this one
sort of total deposit will be staged if
two conflicting checkpoints are
finalized this is because sometimes
unfortunately if there are two
checkpoints are getting finalized that
means each chicken Point has has 2/3 of
working wage so let's means we need to
get one set of deposit be stretched so
how we need to avoid is we need to avoid
the top of all means that the very data
could not bow for us different
checkpoints in the same Park this is an
example just don't control yourself with
the stand around and another situation
want to avoid is a kind of surround
board so assume here so you have already
make upwards from here to here from the
source this is the target so how could
you make another boat from here to here
because you have already known this is a
justified chicken point usually this
issue if you want to make another boat
from here to here
you should be both
you should use this as a sauce and this
is a target so this is a the
illustration to show that once the
validator find another one
make a misbehavior he can send his
misbehavior report into a smart country
and then if it's true then this this
meditator who to wrote about the it's
the passivity stage and this editor work
if some small portion of reward okay so
this is a possible Lebanese because I am
the only of time so I was just too
pretty quick finish so I just want to
mention pic here I do not have very I
mean verification because in his
afternoon your Ichi were to verify
Casper if you are interested in its
correctly you can just follow his talk
also hot so I will give you I will give
you an update of our status so basically
we were helpers my country who to
manager the dynamical very data set and
also over the boat Rico will be record
in each epoch and we have stage
condition inside a small country that
means each radiator you will find
there's someone to submit big 15 then
they could be punished eyes so this is
our POC Phi and we call Casper refugee
country and we also have a testing
language for simulation and later we
want to have a testing area to evaluate
the correctness however we do not have a
particular day - I mean allowing us that
this is down because this is also
research ongoing research so if you are
interested in the Casper you can you can
you can click some of the reading from
here and this is our HR team and most of
people are from Taiwan and virtual is
from Singapore and this is our team
leader with hard and showy and the cabin
right now they are doing shouting and me
and
Snickers and iron kayo are doing Casper
and suchan world what a world
plasma later and this is our research
team feature and so it stands for listen
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