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welcome to the stop all of you my name
is Sarah segmented I'm a PhD student at
the University
forever member estroux technologies in
practice research and my work is on the
social infrastructure of digital
payments some I call it which is looking
at the people and networks that may
belong to presentations so you can use
of technology and how technology affects
our relationships and this talk is going
to briefly
curse' findings from various research
project on digital natives and Indonesia
so finally I shouldn't work so for
context at the gentleman watching we
talked about onboarding using this -
Lisa's I don't people in scripture and
ideally others are using
today and so this talk focuses on
commercial items or in particular
proprietary platform and looks its how
users are actually interacting with this
main traditional knowledge specifically
digital law that occurs relatively
recently and specifically I am
interested in the relationships between
Jeanine Aries and internet version that
space and the potential peers of Morgan
referred to as community famous so my
research took place in Tunisia which
hustle by position of over 260 million
people and currently with doing really
like the present a very specific profile
about increasing digitalization or he
refers to as Indonesia 4.0 bringing in
bells are sound familiar
yes so this is growing emphasis on
e-commerce
so what did the digital human look like
in Indonesia
well fragment infrastructures for
connectivity and deregulation to the
telecommunications industry has led to
really rapid uptake of mobile phones
because there was between the more
affordable than traditional met lines
80% of each end users can access that by
using their smartphones or tablets which
is kind of a problem out of things you
know anything a mobile phones less than
half of us work for myself
not access an infant many of those who
do accidentally are also doing so with
allocated gigabytes that are remaining
targeting so here so for example
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Facebook users surveys come out showing
that many
which is something to think about when
we talk about things like we've run
coming out and if we're excited to that
is that you might for pointed out that
even though they can explain to me and
he said why girl well came across them
they don't actually use me because
smartphones are social call these
records they simply don't have enough
space for more than one pin about and
they would much rather forever types of
so he needed UPS all the photographs and
for Instagram so infrastructures of
payment are also quite fragmented and
how much huge lack of interoperability
secure and the regulations where you see
seven different card readers by are
providing for banks to perform above a
statements less than half of the mutant
population has access to formal
financial services and that includes it
which associates them ability to
actually get cash in your local
community and of those only an estimated
11 percent of account holders have other
parts so systems like this are still for
the shoe low access to conventional
financial services any person uses
smartphones means the digital payments
originally made for institutional gap
community hope so this is why we see
this rapid growth of digital pains in
the data and particularly this path
contract which is a video just for
exterior flourishing and in parts Bank
rules which jutted 1 billion dollar
deletion so absolutely these allow users
to top up your infrastructure memcache
and it doesn't be an agent and they can
use that app to make a digital
transaction in a specific situation so
many wasn't use a debt to perform these
bridges important to show for GABA the
web server the proxy banking banking
lights each other in people's lives
something that you can upgrade with to
get more features such as
- advocate or send money to your friends
so this particular officer has a smooth
healing service they're gonna call it
that someone would come up 2015
normalizes math and to the 17th is
developed this built-in wallets which
now bridges an entire ecosystem of apps
that range them to acquire to move food
to go massage although we should pay
inside the app using their wallets
and the wallet of course is called
cocaine just several theater so where I
can be elephants well I've heard it said
a lot of times here that technology is
not a mission artifacts reshape it and
it shapes us and the aspirations of the
technologies creators tend to the
implementing houses or other
technologies that we make so forms of
money also convey meanings and they tell
us pollinator
nice and this I think is a pretty
familiar of thought or ethic when we
talking the etherion community it also
means that notices when mobile money
transactions to not be concerns
considered as isolated individuals
decision to make about our purchasing
her money behavior are not contact
street there are affected by some
expenses so what does project tell us
about the communities we live in or the
ones that they may imagine us living
this is a stills from anatomies 2016
it's an advertisement that was made in
the context of Ramadan so it starts to
be done her mom her mom's mother rich is
working for this app there's multiple
clips she's driving to drone marches
she's left her about Good Morning
America and she goes for the whole
package so she's driving around all day
it's with hot passion just crank you
their room and on the final pastor is he
Orphanage as the driver watches of happy
children which is stylis meanwhile help
her daughter to move differently and
inside there's a card for mother
explaining that she can't leave home to
break her bus if she has to make sure
everyone else gets home in time to break
the bus finally I should brakes if I
suppose on the side of the road with a
glass of water she starts to receive
messages through the app from happy
customers thanking her for her hard work
given her a lot of Radiance
so that presents to have a reason
intended users there's the service
provider and the service user seconding
of the company itself is hardly present
the role is intermediary only have
curiam of the phones at the very end of
that attachment and this is some users
helping each other out through the sense
of social responsibility rewarded by
their thank
here's the I possess the specifics level
understanding of the I realize user
performing set by social infrastructure
roles while minimizing the role of
interactions with me doubt these
interactions are often being referred to
increasingly as being emotion appear in
Turkey so I regard you that too in this
context is much more than just a
directional message it's not just from
here to here it's also a placeholder for
the cemetery company and I would argue
that the peas
actually color really an adequate
signifier for different types of user
categories so originally a technical
term if you keep describing a computer
sharing files without a second server
now thats increasingly seeing use to
gain traction and a wide range of
associated activity remittances lending
watching and of course digital wallets
the proprietor infrastructure governance
practice by central in areas such as
function in a social context when we use
the word here or we associated with some
quality something that they are for
example leans heavily into and this I
would argue is not really an accurate
representation of the relationship
between most peers that this app is
trying to connect so many more like this
the socio-economic cup so yeah finally
socially mounted maybe the two in the PT
represents the relationship but there
has some company so not only do they in
relationship to each other but else the
relationship to the two so I asked
drivers Indonesia about the relationship
to my company the tires words explains
to me that they are meets up meeting
premise and during the focus group one
of the dragon truck to the scene but
we've never met just to be clear and
this relationship which with Dragons
leader is not in fact that you've
encouraged them but they like to play
leader from acacia material it for the
company as the transactions made by the
customers are profitable and thus the
drivers become the tools to provide
customers free services so in contrast
the is magnetized
some areas have specific mechanisms and
interfaces in fact deliberately skew the
relationship between the potential
appears towards configured inequality
there's incentivizing drivers some
excellent tips and first one and is
incentive tiers where they can achieve
bonuses are called bonuses for artifact
or the important element of the doing
otherwise to be sustainable job so it's
completely compulsory is reached in
everyday items great drivers so what is
the question of millimeters with my
thumb to slap on can be the difference
between continuing a job and being
banned from the app if it's a book it on
my star rating the apples assets roots
of price and because of the mechanisms
of quite a few seconds to decide whether
not to accept them so drivers don't have
a chance to make a decision about it and
one piece one person pointed up because
of my smartphone is some oh crap this
interface goes beyond wreck you can see
where he was going so I have to click
before you know where this is going or
how much
on it finally cancellations drivers to
maximum castle 25% of orders
this means that drivers typically will
ask customer hassle
don't take the trip it's fine the app
then it just a new but you're going pain
did the try rested pencil when you're
trying to pencil that and it turns out
when you click it they will be suspended
it doesn't tell you but they will be
suspended they later on it's the Volta
infer them to this entire and a list of
pictograms which say anything from I
reached the drivers drivers really far
away you know a whole variety of
different options for you to cancel with
and basically a minefield about gold
with consequences between you and the
driver so not only uses which OPP
conceal these embedded inequalities but
it off the state's the role of the two
into five in terms of the relationship
which communities agrees so it's
important to stress that users were not
are selling passive consumers there are
many examples of resistance to these out
mechanisms a brief story about one man
finds his brother died
village to be a participant in funeral
arrangements when it came back to
junction where my research in place a
journalist out that he found it wasn't
receiving words not there driving around
an entire day receiving new orders calls
customer service and they told me
there's no problem this is a journey
just like
carry on and after about 20 days of this
finally and I gave up and stole his
account for her all my tax dollars
this was a pretty cheaper account
because at the moment it wasn't
receiving any orders but also it was in
this dead brother's name which means he
was able to change their way to make the
contrary he also had to sell his ATM
card to go witness
extract insurance months later he
recounted to me that the buyer had got
in touch with Angelo in Rome and he
finally managed to resuscitate accounts
meaning of spiny receiving orders again
the why I didn't come for they call
therapy and brightly nurse affect health
count their business attorneys where
drivers to describe a variety of
practices deployed to training
algorithms that govern our institution
with hot water so therapy is a permanent
to mention it was also continuing
practices maintained minutes
accounts because it necessary for the
job there Chavez government algorithms
me so aside from the relationship
brokered by the app customers in terms
work together to grow up a platform in
this informal arrangement they made
ships offline so the drivers have
worried the twenty percent cuts but the
app takes on the trips they make
additional booking Sedaris to reach that
last point ear that they need to get
their daily bonus they need my transfer
drivers when drivers are waiting to take
the order to get their order mr. Amerson
is sitting like parents off which would
come off like that
buy yourself a coffee but that's kind of
an interesting enactment that was period
it doesn't materialize in the of itself
so these are all strategies to be
surviving within these proprietary
platforms viable maintained and and a
flexibility within this impose digital
virginity beyond the fact that there is
from the arrogant equality here there's
also it's also for distressed that these
two peer groups have not monolithic
categories so not all pairs on either
side there are multiple ways
as well so not all diversity for
conditions for participation may be
lacking documentation or medica so many
of the one rely on various vendors
surrenders are a second floor
and they allow drivers says Arne was
registered in class for three reasons to
get access to an online account Center
and one weather like this could have a
suite of up to a thousand drivers and
they take it coverage we'd find a 30%
range England depending on what kind of
interests
they also store all tracker data in an
elaborate spreadsheet and then at the
end of the day manually they had been
transferred from that it comes to the
driver's bank account or alternatively
don't come back
that should be their HP are some of you
know assignments drivers are often
members and communities for colonies
which facilitate communication about how
to access accounts so this is the
business t3 injunction which has over a
thousand members and here you can do
membership singer sometimes
like developing projects that building
is base camp or for members in need
which normally for whatever reason they
brokered deals between driver services
such as our repairs that are going to
deal with amount of taxes these kind of
services they show up in person
talk about accidents by communicating
excessively through
they also help each passenger speak
about losing cars because it really
afraid opinion about reduce without the
being accused of stealing something
and of course there were market place
for a country and even though they're
voted as this particular ahead of this
community even talk to me about me
through the repayment system when they
eventually operated from stickers to
membership parts so that they be able to
connect all these services that they
have organized themselves the picture
get somebody even further another site
so also people who are using the
services the other apps are not so
people won't have smartphones or
whatever other reasons are not accessing
this counselor will have family or
friends estranged to provide access to
the platform as mentioned not everyone
has access to an integer sorting
so they will rely on going to public
access points were my friends and they
booked a mr. also to recharging stations
such as this one and many my informants
who will share their phones share their
accounts their cars pins and other
resources that they're using this
absolute X us an example happened to
myself when I must try to register the
information I just chose a law but we
can get a Superman so I found myself in
a really frustrating situation of not
being able to get a SIM card because
they only had a passport with me that
was formed no problem since the register
remaining they'll be dealing okay so I
got some current register than the
stranger whose family are attending is
they can come up to three great kids
that's a lot of cards in register 1
enough months later my access completely
denied because apparently found
something else to do but number 2 so
both service users and service providers
remind agents to facilitate cashing in
and cashing out so agents there are some
ways to catch an amount and you can make
a transfer in ATM if you connect into
account to the bank you can go to the
local mini-mart and pay a fee and
alternatively the drivers themselves
operate as agents that sell the digital
balance for cash and might either as
absurdly than according to the innocence
of students of the option device over in
one model go check drives on its face
all hundred thousand rupiah which means
they have a minimum two hundred thousand
be available each state wants me my
enviable this means that if you ask for
less of that they're probably not gonna
sell it to you and the other system
a 20% cash back on my side
you really can't sleep with us in wish
this you should really say yes
one driver also showed me what he had
managed to connect his mouth without
using this we call this digital token
but basically what he had done and in
himself to always have access to money
on his phone
meaning he had converted himself into
sort of a poem about the joy needs them
for users but also he converted his
customers into compassionate allowance
for himself because drivers need cash to
pay for fuel and for food and all the
other things that these products don't
actually give him access to so all this
and PC transactions on the surface
digital transactions transactions that
I've seen ones with streamlined or clean
the messiness of the Cape's exchange
replaced confined to the affordances of
the user interface and the terms
conditions set by the companies
providing the pop world however the
exchange of digital money is what farmer
the financial transaction itself it
contains
this raises questions about how all of
that current residents who fit into
seamless ideas about new religious
decision mediation trust business all of
which are heavily part of this
to summarize we presently include a few
key takeaways intermediaries configure
the relationships between users so
configured for human access it's not a
binary or a static I agree so contexts
are not universal so you have to
consider what experiences we are
building for people will find ways to
access the things that they need however
many intermediaries is limited so
success should be defined in terms of
people's actual news not designers
attacks so technologies that don't
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structure will be repurposed and
appropriate it's need the real news
abusers to address the problem to
themselves define it slightly didn't all
of that the thing though he was pretty
people
support the flexible transition between
digital and pension funds of money
rather than necessarily talking about
the illumination of cash or deal with it
in a cashless society
that's my 20 minutes this was a very
brief for presentation
talk to me
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[Applause]